Commercial lithium-ion batteries still undergo safety concerns due to using perilous and flammable liquid electrolytes that are prone to fire and leakage issues. Meanwhile, the development of high energy density lithium-metal batteries with conventional liquid electrolytes has also encountered bottlenecks because of the growth of lithium-dendrites and parasitic reactions. Therefore, the use of flammable liquid electrolytes in lithium batteries is the main obstacle to be overcome, and at the same time, the contradiction between high energy density and high safety for practical applications needs to be addressed. Currently, solid polymer electrolyte has been considered as a promising solution, and hence solid polymer-based lithium batteries have attracted much attention due to their high safety compared to their counterparts. However, its low ionic conductivity, poor mechanical properties, and insufficient cycle life restrict their practical applications. At present, there are fewer comprehensive reviews available on lithium batteries based on polymer electrolyte systems, so it is substantial worthy of summarizing the existing literature and timely apprises of incessantly improving strategies of this field. This review summarizes the ion transfer mechanism and performance requirements of polymer electrolytes for lithium batteries, the classification and design of polymer electrolytes, and the essential principles and characterization for electrode/electrolyte interface construction and the research of composite electrolyte. Finally, the current status and development prospects of polymer electrolytes are briefly summarized and discussed, enabling a foundation for the wide application of solid polymer electrolyte-based batteries.

由于使用易发火和泄漏问题的危险和易燃液体电解质，商用锂离子电池仍会受到安全问题的困扰。同时，由于锂树枝状晶体的生长和寄生反应，开发具有常规液体电解质的高能量密度锂金属电池也遇到了瓶颈。因此，在锂电池中使用可燃液体电解质是要克服的主要障碍，同时，需要解决实际应用中高能量密度和高安全性之间的矛盾。当前，固体聚合物电解质已经被认为是有前途的解决方案，因此，基于固体聚合物的锂电池由于其相对于同类电池的高安全性而引起了很多关注。然而，其低离子电导率，较差的机械性能和不足的循环寿命限制了其实际应用。目前，关于基于聚合物电解质系统的锂电池的综合评论较少，因此值得总结现有文献并及时提出不断改进该领域策略的建议。综述了锂电池聚合物电解质的离子转移机理和性能要求，聚合物电解质的分类和设计，电极/电解质界面的构建和复合电解质研究的基本原理和表征。最后，简要总结和讨论了聚合物电解质的现状和发展前景，