Dryland sustainability is a challenging global concern because of the comparatively low natural and socioeconomic carrying capacities. Land degradation neutrality is a challenging sustainability goal in drylands, for which ecological restoration has to transcend the scale of land degradation. Actions on ecological restoration are prevalent in global drylands driving changes of ecosystem services across local to regional scales. This paper focuses on the Chinese Loess Plateau as a typical dryland region experiencing decades of ecological restoration. The research progress on the multiscale monitoring, assessment, and modelling of ecosystem services driven by ecological restoration is succinctly reviewed. To enhance the bridging capability of dryland ecosystem service science among ecosystem integrity and resilience, sustainable livelihood, and adaptive landscape management, a research framework is proposed considering dryland sustainability goals, ecosystems, socioeconomic systems, and the multidimensional systematic interactions. Under this framework, the research gaps and further critical themes are discussed for advancing a sustainability oriented ecosystem service science for drylands.

由于自然和社会经济承载能力较低，旱地的可持续性成为全球关注的挑战。在干旱地区，土地退化的中立性是具有挑战性的可持续发展目标，为此，生态恢复必须超越土地退化的规模。在全球干旱地区普遍存在着生态恢复行动，推动了地方到区域范围内生态系统服务的变化。本文将黄土高原作为典型的干旱地区，经历了几十年的生态恢复。简要回顾了生态恢复驱动的生态系统服务的多尺度监测，评估和建模的研究进展。为了提高旱地生态系统服务科学在生态系统完整性和复原力，可持续生计之间的桥梁能力，以及自适应景观管理，提出了一个考虑干旱地区可持续发展目标，生态系统，社会经济系统以及多维系统相互作用的研究框架。在此框架下，讨论了研究空白和其他关键主题，以推进旱地可持续发展导向的生态系统服务科学。