Abstract

This review discusses two approaches to the problem of the recent origin of the plague microbe Yersinia pestis molecular-genetic (MG) and ecological. The MG approach proclaims uneven speciation (saltation), and horizontal gene transfer is considered to be the main factor of speciation. The ecological scenario of “Darwinian” speciation includes three types of genetic structures in the genome of Y. pestis: (1) a nonadaptive structure, which lost functions of the ancestral microbe Y. pseudotuberculosis O:1b during speciation, (2) a preadaptive structure, which supported transition into a new environment, and (3) a (neo)adaptive structure, which formed endogenously during speciation in the transitional environment—the host–parasite system of the Mongolian marmot–flea (Marmota sibirica–Oropsylla silantiewi). The ecological approach can integrate MG data and adequately interpret them in accordance with the postulates of the modern synthetic theory of evolution. The prospects for the determination of the mechanisms of the speciation process can be seen in the synthesis of ecological and MG approaches.

中文翻译：

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生态和分子遗传学方法对鼠疫鼠疫耶尔森氏菌物种形成问题的综合展望

摘要

这篇综述讨论了鼠疫耶尔森菌瘟疫分子遗传（MG）和生态学的最新起源问题的两种方法。MG方法宣称物种形成不均匀（盐化），而水平基因转移被认为是物种形成的主要因素。“达尔文”物种的生态学情景包括鼠疫耶尔森氏菌基因组中的三种遗传结构：（1）非适应性结构，失去了祖传微生物耶氏假丝酵母的功能。O：1b在物种形成过程中，（2）支持过渡到新环境的适应性结构，（3）在过渡环境中形成过程中内生形成的（新）适应性结构（蒙古族的寄主－寄生物系统）土拨鼠-跳蚤（Marmota sibirica - Oropsylla silantiewi）。生态学方法可以整合MG数据，并根据现代进化综合理论的假设充分解释它们。确定物种形成过程的机制的前景可以在生态学和重金属方法的综合中看到。