Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) are typical lasting organic pollutants. Persistence and recalcitrance to biodegradation of PCBs have hampered the transformation of PCB congeners from the environment. Biological transformation of polychlorinated biphenyls could take place through anaerobic dechlorination, aerobic microbial degradation, and a combination of transformation of anaerobic dechlorination and aerobic degradation. Under anaerobic conditions, microbial dechlorination is an important degradation mode for PCBs, especially high-chlorinated congeners. The low-chlorinated compounds formed after reductive dechlorination could be further aerobically degraded and completely mineralized. This paper reviews the recent advances in biological degradation of PCBs, introduces the functional bacteria and enzymes involved in the anaerobic and aerobic degradation of PCBs, and discusses the synergistic action of anaerobic reduction and aerobic degradation. In addition, the different ways to the microbial remediation of PCBs-contaminated environments are discussed. This review provides a theoretical foundation and practical basis to use PCBs-degrading microorganisms for bioremediation.

中文翻译：

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多氯联苯生物降解研究进展

多氯联苯 (PCB) 是典型的持久性有机污染物。PCB 生物降解的持久性和顽固性阻碍了 PCB 同源物从环境中的转化。多氯联苯的生物转化可以通过厌氧脱氯、好氧微生物降解以及厌氧脱氯和好氧降解相结合的方式进行。在厌氧条件下，微生物脱氯是多氯联苯，尤其是高氯化同系物的重要降解方式。还原脱氯后形成的低氯化合物可以进一步有氧降解并完全矿化。本文综述了 PCBs 生物降解的最新进展，介绍了参与PCBs厌氧和好氧降解的功能菌和酶，讨论了厌氧还原和好氧降解的协同作用。此外，还讨论了对多氯联苯污染环境进行微生物修复的不同方法。该综述为利用降解多氯联苯的微生物进行生物修复提供了理论基础和实践依据。