Abstract

Proteins of the chloride channel family CLC (ChLoride Channel) are found in prokaryotes and eukaryotes. The family includes anion channels and anion/proton antiporters. In plants, the CLC proteins are found in various tissues and diverse intracellular membranes. They perform multiple functions and play important physiological roles, such as nitrate and chloride homeostasis at the cellular and whole plant levels, the regulation of transmembrane electrical potential and lumenal pH in organelles, the distribution of newly synthesized proteins among intracellular compartments, and the formation of plant resistance to biotic and abiotic stress factors. This review describes the currently known CLC proteins of plant origin whose genes are identified at the molecular-genetic and functional levels; the properties of CLC proteins from Arabidopsis thaliana (L.) Heynh. and other plant species are discussed with emphasis on the results obtained in the last decade. The functional and structural aspects of plant CLC proteins, as well as their physiological roles under normal and stressful conditions, are considered. A hypothesis is put forward that the endosomes and the proteins of the CLC family localized in endosomal membranes are involved in maintaining the anionic balance in the cytoplasm. The prospects of further studies on plant CLC proteins are briefly considered.

中文翻译：

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植物中CLC家族的氯离子通道和转运蛋白

摘要

氯化物通道家族CLC（C h L oride Channel）存在于原核生物和真核生物中。该家族包括阴离子通道和阴离子/质子反转运蛋白。在植物中，CLC蛋白存在于各种组织和不同的细胞内膜中。它们执行多种功能并发挥重要的生理作用，例如在细胞和整个植物水平上的硝酸盐和氯化物体内稳态，细胞器中跨膜电位和管腔pH的调节，新合成的蛋白质在细胞内区室中的分布以及植物对生物和非生物胁迫因素的抗性。这篇综述描述了植物来源的当前已知的CLC蛋白，其基因在分子遗传学和功能水平上被鉴定。拟南芥CLC蛋白的特性（L.）Heynh。对其他植物物种进行了讨论，重点是在过去十年中获得的结果。考虑了植物CLC蛋白的功能和结构方面，以及它们在正常和胁迫条件下的生理作用。提出了一种假设，即内体和位于内体膜中的CLC家族蛋白参与维持细胞质中的阴离子平衡。简要考虑了对植物CLC蛋白进行进一步研究的前景。