Abstract

Sage (Salvia officinalis L.) belonging to the Lamiaceae family, as the main herb in the world is cultivated in many countries for extraction of essential oil from the leaves. One of the most important uses of the plant is to use its leaves as raw material in pharmaceutical and cosmetics industries. Interaction effects of exogenous jasmonic acid (JA) at different concentrations (0.00, 400, and 600 µM) and the applied of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) in soil under different moisture conditions (control or non-stress, slightdrought, and mild drought stress) on growth, and morphophysiological characteristics of sage and the quantity and quality yield of essential oil from the sage leaves were investigated. The constituents in the essential oils from the sage leaves were analyzed by GC-FID and GC/MS. Results indicated that the inoculation with AMF meaningfully increased the growth parameters sage, while, the foliar spray of JA improved only physiological traits such as soluble sugar, proline, and anthocyanin in the leaves. Experimental treatments individually increased the concentrations of 1,8-cineole in the essential oils. The interaction effects including AMF × JA, AMF × irrigation, and JA × irrigation significantly affected the essential oil yield and the morphological characteristic of sage. The highest value of the essential oil yield was obtained from AMF-inoculation × mild drought × JA at 400 µM. Finally, the exogenous application of JA along inoculation with AMF changed some characteristics of the sage plant under drought stress condition. Indeed, AMF-inoculation and the foliar spraying of JA had synergistic effects on the amounts secondary metabolites of sage especially, 1,8-cineole. In conclusion, we found that the exogenous JA along the inoculation of arbuscular mycorrhizal improves growth characteristics and quality of the essential oil of sage and enhances water deficit tolerance.

中文翻译：

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外源性刺激和胁迫因素下鼠尾草的生长，生理生化特性

摘要

鼠尾草（鼠尾草L.）属于唇形科（Lamiaceae），是世界上的主要草药，许多国家/地区种植该植物用于从树叶中提取精油。该植物最重要的用途之一是将其叶片用作制药和化妆品行业的原料。在不同湿度条件下（控制或非胁迫，轻度干旱和轻度干旱），不同浓度（0.00、400和600 µM）的外源茉莉酸（JA）的相互作用以及丛枝菌根真菌（AMF）在土壤中的应用），研究鼠尾草的生长，形态生理特性以及鼠尾草叶精油的数量和质量。鼠尾草叶精油中的成分通过GC-FID和GC / MS分析。结果表明，接种AMF可以显着增加生长参数的鼠尾草，而JA的叶面喷洒仅改善叶片中的可溶性糖，脯氨酸和花色苷等生理性状。实验处理分别增加了精油中1,8-桉树脑的浓度。包括AMF×JA，AMF×灌溉和JA×灌溉在内的相互作用影响显着影响精油产量和鼠尾草的形态特征。从400 µM的AMF接种量×轻度干旱×JA可获得最高的精油产量。最后，外源施用JA与AMF接种改变了鼠尾草在干旱胁迫条件下的某些特性。确实，接种AMF和叶面喷洒JA对鼠尾草次生代谢产物的量具有协同作用，尤其是1,8-桉树脑。总之，我们发现，沿丛枝菌根接种的外源JA改善了鼠尾草精油的生长特性和质量，并增强了水分亏缺耐受性。