Imidacloprid is a widely used neonicotinoid and provide successful control of different crop pests. Its excessive and frequent use nevertheless is leading to resistance in different insect pests across various geographical regions. In this study, we examined the risk of resistance development to imidacloprid, probability of cross-resistance and realized heritability (h2) to imidacloprid, nitenpyram, chlorpyrifos and cypermethrin in a sucking cotton pest Oxycarenus hyalinipennis. After 19 generations of continuous selection with imidacloprid, 146-fold increase in resistance was observed against this insecticide and its realized heritability was 0.21. Imidacloprid resistance selection did not mediate any cross-resistance to cypermethrin but it induced a low level of cross-resistance to nitenpyram and chlorpyrifos. According to the estimated imidacloprid resistance heritability, 12 and 5 generations would be required for a 10-fold LC50 increase at 30% and 70% selection pressure, respectively. The observed lack of cross-resistance with cypermethrin suggests its rotational use with imidacloprid to slow down the imidacloprid resistance in O. hyalinipennis.

中文翻译：

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Oxycarenus hyalinipennis Costa（半翅目：Lygaeidae）对吡虫啉选择的抗性和交叉抗性发展的风险和遗传力水平：棉花的潜在害虫

吡虫啉是一种广泛使用的新烟碱类物质，可成功控制不同的作物害虫。然而，它的过度和频繁使用导致不同地理区域的不同害虫产生抗药性。在本研究中，我们检测了吸食棉花害虫 Oxycarenus hyalinipennis 对吡虫啉产生抗性的风险、交叉抗性的可能性以及对吡虫啉、烯啶虫胺、毒死蜱和氯氰菊酯的实现遗传力 (h2)。用吡虫啉连续选择 19 代后，观察到对这种杀虫剂的抗性增加了 146 倍，其实现的遗传力为 0.21。吡虫啉抗性选择不介导对氯氰菊酯的任何交叉抗性，但它引起对烯啶虫胺和毒死蜱的低水平交叉抗性。根据估计的吡虫啉抗性遗传力，在 30% 和 70% 选择压力下，LC50 增加 10 倍分别需要 12 和 5 代。观察到与氯氰菊酯缺乏交叉抗性表明其与吡虫啉轮换使用以减缓 O. hyalinipennis 中的吡虫啉抗性。