We characterized soil bacterial and archaeal communities under native Cerrado vegetation and their responses to increases in soil pH. The experimental area was subjected to lime additions for eight consecutive years, followed by an 11-year interval and an additional lime application. We collected soil samples in the rainy and dry seasons of 2017 (representing the 11-year interval from the last liming) and 2018 (representing short-term effects, 4 and 9 months after we resumed the liming). We studied the microbial communities of soil samples from control and treatment plots (liming) through 16S rRNA gene sequencing. We found that microbial community profiles differed by treatment and sampling period, suggesting long-term effects of liming and the strong influence of Cerrado's seasonal dynamics. Samples from liming treatment had a higher bacterial diversity than the control treatment, while the archaeal community showed the opposite response with lower diversity. Different from diversity estimators, enzyme-encoding genes for C, N, and S metabolic pathways showed a reduction in abundance in the liming treatment. The effects of liming on the soil microbial community under Cerrado vegetation are long-lasting. Despite the increase in diversity, the predicted functional profiles suggested a potential reduction on soil multifunctionality.

中文翻译：

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长期施石灰促进热带稀树草原土壤中微生物群落组成的急剧变化

我们描述了本地塞拉多植被下的土壤细菌和古菌群落及其对土壤 pH 值增加的反应。试验区连续 8 年添加石灰，然后间隔 11 年，再添加一次石灰。我们收集了 2017 年雨季和旱季（代表距离上一次石灰的 11 年间隔）和 2018 年（代表短期影响，恢复石灰后 4 个月和 9 个月）的土壤样品。我们通过 16S rRNA 基因测序研究了来自对照和处理地块（石灰）的土壤样品的微生物群落。我们发现微生物群落概况因处理和采样期而异，表明石灰的长期影响和塞拉多季节性动态的强烈影响。石灰处理的样品具有比对照处理更高的细菌多样性，而古菌群落则表现出相反的反应，多样性较低。与多样性估计不同，C、N 和 S 代谢途径的酶编码基因在石灰处理中显示出丰度降低。石灰对塞拉多植被下土壤微生物群落的影响是持久的。尽管多样性增加，但预测的功能剖面表明土壤多功能性可能会降低。石灰对塞拉多植被下土壤微生物群落的影响是持久的。尽管多样性增加，但预测的功能剖面表明土壤多功能性可能会降低。石灰对塞拉多植被下土壤微生物群落的影响是持久的。尽管多样性增加，但预测的功能剖面表明土壤多功能性可能会降低。