Tuberculosis is a chronic infection by Mycobacterium tuberculosis that results in over 1.5 million deaths worldwide each year. Currently, there is only one vaccine against tuberculosis, the Bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) vaccine. Despite widespread vaccination programmes, over 10 million new M. tuberculosis infections are diagnosed yearly, with almost half a million cases caused by antibiotic-resistant strains. Novel vaccination strategies concentrate mainly on replacing BCG or boosting its efficacy and depend on animal models that accurately recapitulate the human disease. However, efforts to produce new vaccines against an M. tuberculosis infection have encountered several challenges, including the complexity of M. tuberculosis pathogenesis and limited knowledge of the protective immune responses. The preclinical evaluation of novel tuberculosis vaccine candidates is also hampered by the lack of an appropriate animal model that could accurately predict the protective effect of vaccines in humans. Here, we review the role of zebrafish (Danio rerio) and other fish models in the development of novel vaccines against tuberculosis and discuss how these models complement the more traditional mammalian models of tuberculosis.

中文翻译：

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在结核病疫苗开发中整合鱼类模型。

结核病是一种由结核分枝杆菌引起的慢性感染，每年导致全世界超过 150 万人死亡。目前，只有一种针对结核病的疫苗，即卡介苗 (BCG) 疫苗。尽管有广泛的疫苗接种计划，但每年诊断出超过 1000 万新的结核分枝杆菌感染，其中近 50 万例是由抗生素耐药菌株引起的。新的疫苗接种策略主要集中在替代卡介苗或提高其功效，并依赖于准确概括人类疾病的动物模型。然而，生产针对结核分枝杆菌感染的新疫苗的努力遇到了一些挑战，包括结核分枝杆菌的复杂性发病机制和保护性免疫反应的知识有限。由于缺乏可以准确预测疫苗对人类保护作用的适当动物模型，新型结核病候选疫苗的临床前评估也受到阻碍。在这里，我们回顾了斑马鱼 ( Danio rerio ) 和其他鱼类模型在开发新型结核病疫苗中的作用，并讨论这些模型如何补充更传统的哺乳动物结核病模型。