Bovine antisperm antibodies (ASAs) have been associated with teratospermia and asthenospermia. It was hypothesized here that scrotal insulation induces the formation of ASAs and deterioration of sperm function. Scrotal insulation bags were placed in 10 bulls for 8 days. Semen was collected on days -29, -22 and -2, twice weekly from days 5 to 54, and thereafter weekly until day 96 (day 0 = first day of scrotal insulation). On each collection day, scrotal circumference, sperm motility, morphology, membrane integrity, acrosome integrity, apoptosis, lipid peroxidation, mitochondrial membrane potential, ASA binding and DNA integrity were evaluated. The percentage of IgG- and IgA-bound sperm increased between days 12 and 96 (P < 0.0001), in association with poor motility (days 19-30, P < 0.005) and morphology (days 8-40, P < 0.0001). Mean scrotal circumference decreased between days 15 and 75 (P < 0.0001). There was also a deterioration in sperm membrane integrity (days 19-40, P < 0.0001), acrosome integrity (days 26-89, P < 0.0001), lipid peroxidation (days 5-12, P < 0.0001), and mitochondrial membrane potential (days 12-96, P = 0.001). In contrast, a decrease in apoptotic cells (days 37-83, P = 0.0002) and lipid peroxidation (days 19-96, P < 0.0001) was noticed. Most bulls recovered normospermia by day 96. However, the persistence of ASAs, acrosomal damage and dysfunctional mitochondria suggest a long term effect of scrotal insulation on sperm function and the homeostasis of the reproductive immune system.

中文翻译：

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接受阴囊绝育的公牛的抗精子抗体和精子功能

牛抗精子抗体 (ASA) 与畸形精子症和弱精子症有关。这里假设阴囊绝缘会诱导 ASA 的形成和精子功能的恶化。将阴囊保温袋放入 10 头公牛中 8 天。在第 -29、-22 和 -2 天收集精液，从第 5 天到第 54 天每周两次，此后每周收集一次，直到第 96 天（第 0 天 = 阴囊隔离的第一天）。在每个收集日，评估阴囊周长、精子活力、形态、膜完整性、顶体完整性、细胞凋亡、脂质过氧化、线粒体膜电位、ASA 结合和 DNA 完整性。IgG 和 IgA 结合精子的百分比在第 12 天和第 96 天之间增加（P < 0.0001），这与运动性差（第 19-30 天，P < 0.005）和形态学（第 8-40 天，P < 0.0001）有关。平均阴囊周长在第 15 天和第 75 天之间减少（P < 0.0001）。精子膜完整性（第 19-40 天，P < 0.0001）、顶体完整性（第 26-89 天，P < 0.0001）、脂质过氧化（第 5-12 天，P < 0.0001）和线粒体膜电位也出现恶化（第 12-96 天，P = 0.001）。相比之下，注意到凋亡细胞（第 37-83 天，P = 0.0002）和脂质过氧化（第 19-96 天，P < 0.0001）减少。大多数公牛在第 96 天恢复正常精子。然而，ASA 的持续存在、顶体损伤和线粒体功能障碍表明阴囊绝缘对精子功能和生殖免疫系统的稳态有长期影响。顶体完整性（第 26-89 天，P < 0.0001）、脂质过氧化（第 5-12 天，P < 0.0001）和线粒体膜电位（第 12-96 天，P = 0.001）。相比之下，注意到凋亡细胞（第 37-83 天，P = 0.0002）和脂质过氧化（第 19-96 天，P < 0.0001）减少。大多数公牛在第 96 天恢复正常精子。然而，ASA 的持续存在、顶体损伤和线粒体功能障碍表明阴囊绝缘对精子功能和生殖免疫系统的稳态有长期影响。顶体完整性（第 26-89 天，P < 0.0001）、脂质过氧化（第 5-12 天，P < 0.0001）和线粒体膜电位（第 12-96 天，P = 0.001）。相比之下，注意到凋亡细胞（第 37-83 天，P = 0.0002）和脂质过氧化（第 19-96 天，P < 0.0001）减少。大多数公牛在第 96 天恢复正常精子。然而，ASA 的持续存在、顶体损伤和线粒体功能障碍表明阴囊绝缘对精子功能和生殖免疫系统的稳态有长期影响。