Black Soldier Fly (BSF) meal is considered an alternative, emerging, and sustainable ingredient for aquafeed formulation. However, results on fish physiological responses are still fragmentary and often controversial, and no data are available on the effect of insect meal-based diets on fish reproduction. On this regard, zebrafish, with its relatively short life cycle, represents an ideal experimental model to explore this topic. In this study, female zebrafish were fed for 12 months on a control diet based on fish meal (FM) and fish oil and two experimental diets with full-fat BSF (Hermetia illucens) prepupae meal inclusion, to replace 25% and 50% of FM (BSF25 and BSF50). All diets were isonitrogenous, isolipidic, and isoenergetic. The effects of these two experimental diets on female's reproduction were investigated through a multidisciplinary approach, including the evaluation of growth, gonadosomatic index, spawned/fertilized eggs and hatching rate, adult female carcass and fertilized egg fatty acid composition, histological analysis of the ovary, spectroscopic macromolecular composition of class IV oocytes, and expression of genes involved in fish lipid metabolism in the liver. Results showed that while fish were perfectly able to cope with a 25% insect meal dietary inclusion, a 50% inclusion level caused the overexpression of genes involved in lipid metabolism, a general reduction in the number of spawned eggs, and differences in the frequency rate of previtellogenic oocytes, class III, IV, oocytes and postovulatory follicles and atretic oocytes, in the macromolecular composition of class IV oocytes, and in the fatty acid composition of the fertilized eggs, respect to control and 25% group.

中文翻译：

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以昆虫为基础的饮食会影响斑马鱼的繁殖吗？多学科研究。

黑士兵苍蝇（BSF）餐被认为是水产饲料配方的替代，新兴且可持续的成分。然而，关于鱼类生理反应的结果仍然是零碎的，并且经常引起争议，并且尚无关于基于昆虫粉的饮食对鱼类繁殖的影响的数据。在这方面，生命周期相对较短的斑马鱼代表了探索该主题的理想实验模型。在这项研究中，雌性斑马鱼以鱼粉（FM）和鱼油为基础的对照饮食以及全脂BSF（Hermetia illucens）的两种实验饮食喂养了12个月）含p粉，代替25％和50％的FM（BSF25和BSF50）。所有饮食都是等氮，等脂和等能的。通过多学科方法研究了这两种实验饮食对雌性生殖的影响，包括生长，性腺指数，产卵/受精卵和孵化率，成年雌female体和受精卵脂肪酸组成的评估，卵巢的组织学分析，类IV卵母细胞的光谱学组成以及肝脏中鱼类脂质代谢相关基因的表达。结果表明，尽管鱼类完全能够应对25％的昆虫餐膳食夹杂物，但50％的夹杂物水平却导致参与脂质代谢的基因过表达，从而导致产卵数普遍减少，