Abstract

Boron (B) is an essential element for higher plants, while it becomes toxic when present in excessive concentrations. Many approaches have been developed to alleviate B toxicity in plants. This paper summarizes the recent advances in the mechanisms and related approaches for B toxicity alleviation, discusses the limitations of different approaches, and proposes suggestions for future studies. The alleviative approaches have been briefly outlined as three mechanisms. The first is the decrease in tissue B concentration, including the decrease in soil available B and the restriction on B uptake. The second is the decrease in cellular active B, including the formation of inert complexes and the regulation of B translocation. The third is the increase in physiological tolerance, including the prevention of oxidative damages, the enhancement of photosynthesis, the improvement of plant water status, and the screening of B-tolerant genotypes or rootstocks. The alleviative approaches mainly include the application of nutrient elements, plant growth regulators, and plant growth-promoting microbes. Leaching B out of the topsoil and washing B off the plant leaf using water are also included. Future perspectives regarding more practical approaches for B toxicity alleviation and a better understanding of related mechanisms have been proposed.

摘要

硼 (B) 是高等植物的必需元素，但当其浓度过高时会产生毒性。已经开发了许多方法来减轻植物中的 B 毒性。本文总结了 B 毒性减轻机制和相关方法的最新进展，讨论了不同方法的局限性，并为未来的研究提出了建议。缓解方法已简要概述为三种机制。首先是组织 B 浓度的降低，包括土壤有效 B 的减少和 B 吸收的限制。二是细胞活性B的减少，包括惰性复合物的形成和B易位的调节。第三是生理耐受性的增加，包括防止氧化损伤，光合作用的增强，植物水分状况的改善，以及耐B基因型或砧木的筛选。缓解方法主要包括施用营养元素、植物生长调节剂和植物促生长微生物。还包括从表土中浸出 B 和用水从植物叶子上洗掉 B。已经提出了关于更实用的 B 毒性减轻方法和对相关机制的更好理解的未来前景。