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Beyond oxygen transport: Active role of erythrocytes in the regulation of blood flow.
American Journal of Physiology-Heart and Circulatory Physiology ( IF 4.1 ) Pub Date : 2020-08-28 , DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00441.2020
Kieran J Richardson 1, 2 , Lennart Kuck 1, 2 , Michael J Simmonds 1, 2
Affiliation  

It was classically thought that the function of mammalian red blood cells (RBC) was limited to serving as a vehicle for oxygen, given the cell's abundance of cytosolic haemoglobin. Over the past decades, however, accumulating evidence indicates that RBC have the capacity to sense low oxygen tensions in hypoxic tissues, and subsequently release signalling molecules that influence the distribution of blood flow. The precise mechanisms that facilitate RBC modulation of blood flow are still being elucidated, although recent evidence indicates involvement of: i) adenosine triphosphate (ATP) - capable of binding to purinergic receptors located on the vascular wall prior to initiating nitric oxide (NO; a powerful vasodilator) production in endothelial cells, and/or ii) non-vascular NO - which is now known to have several modes of production within RBC, including an enzymatic process via a unique isoform of NO synthase (i.e., RBC-NOS), that has potential effects on the vascular smooth muscle. The physical properties of RBC - including their tendency to form three-dimensional structures in low shear flow (i.e., aggregation) and their capacity to elongate in high shear flow (i.e., deformability) - are only recently being viewed as mechanotransductive processes, with profound effects on vascular reactivity and tissue perfusion. Recent developments in intracellular signalling in RBC, and the subsequent effects on the mechanical properties of blood, and blood flow, thus present a vivid expansion on the classic perspective of these abundant cells.

中文翻译:

超越氧气输送:红细胞在调节血流中的积极作用。

鉴于细胞中大量的胞质血红蛋白,通常认为哺乳动物的红细胞(RBC)的功能仅限于充当氧气的载体。然而,在过去的几十年中,越来越多的证据表明,RBC有能力感知缺氧组织中的低氧张力,并随后释放影响血流分布的信号分子。尽管最近的证据表明参与以下活动,但仍未阐明促进RBC调节血流的确切机制:i)三磷酸腺苷(ATP)-能够在启动一氧化氮(NO; a强大的血管扩张剂)在内皮细胞中的产生,和/或ii)非血管NO-现在已知在RBC中具有几种生产方式,包括通过独特的NO合酶同工型(即RBC-NOS)进行的酶促过程,对血管的平滑度有潜在影响肌肉。RBC的物理性质-包括在低剪切流中形成三维结构的趋势(即聚集)和在高剪切流中伸长的能力(即变形性)-仅在最近才被视为机械转导过程,具有深远的意义。对血管反应性和组织灌注的影响。红细胞中细胞内信号传导的最新进展以及对血液机械特性和血流的后续影响,因此在这些丰富细胞的经典观点上展现了生动的扩展。包括通过独特的NO合酶(即RBC-NOS)同工型进行的酶促过程,对血管平滑肌有潜在影响。RBC的物理性质-包括在低剪切流中形成三维结构的趋势(即聚集)和在高剪切流中伸长的能力(即变形性)-直到最近才被视为机械转导过程,具有深远的意义。对血管反应性和组织灌注的影响。红细胞中细胞内信号传导的最新进展以及对血液机械特性和血流的后续影响,因此在这些丰富细胞的经典观点上展现了生动的扩展。包括通过独特的NO合酶(即RBC-NOS)同工型进行的酶促过程,对血管平滑肌具有潜在的影响。RBC的物理性质-包括在低剪切流中形成三维结构的趋势(即聚集)和在高剪切流中伸长的能力(即变形性)-仅在最近才被视为机械转导过程,具有深远的意义。对血管反应性和组织灌注的影响。RBC中细胞内信号传导的最新进展以及对血液机械特性和血液流动的后续影响,因此在这些丰富细胞的经典观点上呈现出生动的发展。RBC的物理性质-包括在低剪切流中形成三维结构的趋势(即聚集)和在高剪切流中伸长的能力(即变形性)-仅在最近才被视为机械转导过程,具有深远的意义。对血管反应性和组织灌注的影响。RBC中细胞内信号传导的最新进展以及对血液机械特性和血液流动的后续影响,因此在这些丰富细胞的经典观点上呈现出生动的发展。RBC的物理性质-包括在低剪切流中形成三维结构的趋势(即聚集)和在高剪切流中伸长的能力(即变形性)-仅在最近才被视为机械转导过程,具有深远的意义。对血管反应性和组织灌注的影响。RBC中细胞内信号传导的最新进展以及对血液机械特性和血液流动的后续影响,因此在这些丰富细胞的经典观点上呈现出生动的发展。
更新日期:2020-08-29
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