Non-typhoidal Salmonella is an important causative agent of diarrheal illness worldwide. A systematic review and meta-analysis of case-control studies were performed to determine the main risk factors associated with sporadic salmonellosis. Suitable scientific articles published up to 2017 were identified through a systematic literature search and subject to methodological quality assessment. From each study, odds ratios (OR) were extracted or calculated, as well as study characteristics such as population type, design, type of model used and risk factor categorization. Mixed-effects meta-analytical models were adjusted by population type to appropriate data partitions. From 3858 identified references, the quality assessment stage was passed by 62 case-control studies focusing on sporadic salmonellosis which provided 1154 ORs for meta-analysis.

The meta-analysis identified host-specifics factors, travel, environmental, animal and food exposures as significant risk factors of salmonellosis in the mixed population. For the mixed population, foods significantly associated with salmonellosis were eggs and egg products, composite foods, and meat (pork, red meats other than beef and poultry meats). In the child population, the main risk factors were found for person-to-person transmission, recent use of gastric anti-acids or antibiotics, contact with pets and farm animals, environmental, and food vehicles. Breastfeeding was found to be a protective factor for children. The food vehicles identified in children comprised dairy (milk formula), produce, meat and eggs products. Untreated drinking water was a risk factor for the children and mixed population. The result of the meta-analysis conducted at the international level is very important in the context of increasing international trade in foodstuffs and changes in food consumption patterns.

非伤寒沙门氏菌是全世界腹泻病的重要病因。进行了病例对照研究的系统评价和荟萃分析，以确定与散发性沙门氏菌病相关的主要危险因素。通过系统的文献检索并进行方法学质量评估，确定了截至2017年发表的合适科学文章。从每项研究中，提取或计算优势比（OR）以及研究特征，例如人口类型，设计，使用的模型类型和风险因素分类。根据人群类型将混合效应的荟萃分析模型调整为适当的数据分区。从3858个确定的参考文献中，质量评估阶段通过了62个针对散发沙门氏菌病的病例对照研究，该研究为荟萃分析提供了1154个OR。

荟萃分析确定了宿主特异性因素，旅行，环境，动物和食物暴露是混合人群沙门氏菌病的重要危险因素。对于混合人群，与沙门氏菌病显着相关的食物是鸡蛋和蛋制品，复合食品和肉类（猪肉，牛肉和禽类肉以外的红肉）。在儿童人群中，发现主要的危险因素是人与人之间的传播，近期使用胃中的抗酸剂或抗生素，与宠物和农场动物接触，环境和食物媒介物。发现母乳喂养是儿童的保护因素。在儿童中发现的食品媒介包括乳制品（奶粉），农产品，肉和蛋制品。未经处理的饮用水是儿童和混合人群的危险因素。