The pathogenesis of Enterovirus 71 (EV71)-induced severe hand foot and mouth disease (HFMD) has not yet been clearly established. Further study into the mechanisms underlying host immune responses to EV71 infection and identifying important predictors will be crucial to antiviral treatment and early recognition of severe HFMD. The present study establishes that T help (Th)1 type, Th2 type, and Th17 type cytokine levels in serum of peripheral blood from patients with severe HFMD is higher than in peripheral blood from healthy subjects. The most significant increase occurred as the IL-6. In order to identify the important molecules in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) from severe HFMD patients, we performed transcriptome sequencing analysis of PBMC from severe HFMD patients and compared them to healthy controls. Interferon α-inducible protein 27 (IFI27) and cluster of differentiation 27 (CD27) were found to be the most significant differentially expressed gene. Finally, IFI27 was proved to be present at higher levels in patients with severe HFMD than in patients with mild HFMD. Our results suggest that IFI27 may be an indicator of the severity of cases EV71-induced HFMD.

肠道病毒 71 (EV71) 引起的严重手足口病 (HFMD) 的发病机制尚未明确。进一步研究宿主对 EV71 感染的免疫反应的机制并确定重要的预测因子对于抗病毒治疗和早期识别严重的手足口病至关重要。本研究证实重度手足口病患者外周血血清中的 T help (Th)1 型、Th2 型和 Th17 型细胞因子水平高于健康受试者的外周血。最显着的增加是 IL-6。为了鉴定重度手足口病患者外周血单个核细胞 (PBMC) 中的重要分子，我们对重度手足口病患者的 PBMC 进行了转录组测序分析，并将其与健康对照进行了比较。发现 IFI27)和分化簇 27 ( CD27)是最显着的差异表达基因。最后，与轻度手足口病患者相比，重度手足口病患者中IFI27 的含量更高。我们的结果表明，IFI27 可能是 EV71 诱导的手足口病病例严重程度的指标。