Abstract Growth variability in extant Peneroplis has drawn attention since early times. There is general agreement that the aberrations in recent populations of Peneroplis are natural and intraspecific. For these reasons, some authors have questioned the systematic relationships among living Peneroplis species. In this study, we explore variation in an exceptionally abundant population of Peneroplis from Pete's Pond, a permanent wetland, within the Lake Macleod Evaporate Basin, Western Australia. The area is unusual because foraminifera are isolated from the nearby ocean, except for a 15-km subterranean karst system that permits a constant delivery of seawater. Pete's Pond water salinities are either less than or at normal seawater levels. The morphological variations identified have been grouped, with morphogroups A, B, and C referred to as variants of the Peneroplis growth pattern, including morphotypes with high flaring and cylindrical uniserial chambers. Morphogroups D and E are referred to as ‘abnormal’ aberrant forms, which show bifurcated serial chambers or a disordered growing style. Variants are the most critical in terms of taxonomic discrimination. Here we recommend the following morphological constraints for species determination of Peneroplis variants: i) degree of involution of early chambers; ii) presence/absence of umbilical depressions, iii) incision of sutures and iv) ornament, including the presence and disposition of small pits or ribs. Aberration in Peneroplis is considered to be linked to strict environmental parameters that have led to optimum shell growth as well as to having a key role in the phylogenesis of Soritoidea through deep time.

中文翻译：

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Peneroplis（有孔虫）的高生产力，包括异常形态型，在西澳大利亚麦克劳德湖的内陆海相盐池中

摘要 现存 Peneroplis 的生长变异性从早期就引起了人们的注意。人们普遍认为，最近 Peneroplis 种群的畸变是自然的和种内的。由于这些原因，一些作者质疑现存的佩内罗普里斯物种之间的系统关系。在这项研究中，我们探索了来自西澳大利亚麦克劳德湖蒸发盆地的永久湿地 Pete's Pond 的异常丰富的 Peneroplis 种群的变化。该地区是不寻常的，因为有孔虫与附近的海洋隔离，除了一个 15 公里的地下岩溶系统，允许不断输送海水。Pete's Pond 的水盐度低于或处于正常海水水平。已确定的形态变异已被分组，形态群 A、B、和 C 称为 Peneroplis 生长模式的变体，包括具有高扩口和圆柱形单列室的形态类型。形态群 D 和 E 被称为“异常”异常形式，它们显示分叉的连续室或无序的生长方式。变体在分类歧视方面是最关键的。在这里，我们建议对 Peneroplis 变种的物种确定采用以下形态学约束：i) 早期腔室的退化程度；ii) 脐带凹陷的存在/不存在，iii) 缝合线的切口和 iv) 装饰，包括小凹坑或肋骨的存在和布置。Peneroplis 的畸变被认为与严格的环境参数有关，这些参数导致了最佳的壳生长，并在 Soritoidea 的系统发育中发挥了关键作用。