Mixotrophic Dinophysis species threaten human health and coastal economies through the production of toxins which cause diarrhetic shellfish poisoning (DSP) in humans. Novel blooms of Dinophysis acuminata and Dinophysis ovum have occurred in North American waters in recent decades, resulting in the closure of shellfish harvesting. Understanding the ecology of Dinophysis species and their prey is essential to predicting and mitigating the impact of blooms of these dinoflagellates. The growth response of two new isolates of Dinophysis species, one isolate of Mesodinium rubrum, and two strains of Teleaulax amphioxeia were evaluated at a range of temperature, salinity, and irradiance treatments to identify possible environmental drivers of Dinophysis blooms in the Gulf of Mexico. Results showed optimal growth of T. amphioxeia and M. rubrum at 24 °C, salinity 30 – 34, and irradiances between 300 and 400 µmol quanta m ^− 2 s ^− 1. Optimal Dinophysis growth was observed at salinity 22 and temperatures between 18 and 24 °C. Mesodinium and both Dinophysis responded differently to experimental treatments, which may be due to the suitability of prey and different handling of kleptochloroplasts. Dinophysis bloom onset may be initiated by warming surface waters between winter and spring in the Gulf of Mexico. Toxin profiles for these two North American isolates were distinct; Dinophysis acuminata produced okadaic acid, dinophysistoxin-1, and pectenotoxin-2 while D. ovum produced only okadaic acid. Toxin per cell for D. ovum was two orders of magnitude greater than D. acuminata. Phylogenies based on the cox1 and cob genes did not distinguish these two Dinophysis species within the D. acuminata complex.

混合营养鳍藻种通过制作这导致人类腹泻性贝毒（DSP）的毒素威胁人类健康和沿海经济。小说绽放鳍藻喜树和鳍藻卵子发生在北美海域近几十年来，造成贝类养殖的关闭。了解恐龙生物及其猎物的生态对于预测和减轻这些鞭毛藻的爆发影响至关重要。的两个新的分离株的生长反应鳍藻物种的一个分离物缢虫，以及两种菌株Teleaulax amphioxeia在一定温度，盐度和辐照度处理范围内对烟叶进行了评估，以找出墨西哥湾恐龙生物大花的可能环境驱动因素。结果表明最佳生长T. amphioxeia和M.癣菌在24℃下，盐度30 - 34，以及300和400微摩尔量子之间辐射能米 ^{-  2} 小号 ^{-  1}。在盐度22和18至24°C的温度下观察到最佳的恐龙生长。红豆中缢和两个鳍藻反应不同实验治疗，这可能是由于捕食和不同的处理kleptochloroplasts的适用性。恐龙学在墨西哥湾冬季和春季之间，地表水温升高可能会导致水华爆发。这两个北美分离株的毒素特征是不同的。Dinophysis acuminata生产冈田酸，dinophysistoxin-1和果胶毒素2，而D. ovum仅生产冈田酸。卵形线虫的每个细胞毒素比尖形线虫大两个数量级。基于cox1和cob基因的系统发育没有区分D. acuminata复合体内的这两个Dinophysis物种。