Fusarium graminearum is the main pathogen of Fusarium head blight (FHB) in wheat and related species, which causes serious production decreases and economic losses and produces toxins such as deoxynivalenol (DON), which endangers the health of humans and livestock. Vesicle transport is a basic physiological process required for cell survival in eukaryotes. Many regulators of vesicle transport are reported to be involved in the pathogenicity of fungi. In yeast and mammalian cells, the ADP-ribosylation factor-like small GTPase Arl1 and its orthologs are involved in regulating vesicular trafficking, cytoskeletal reorganization and other significant biological processes. However, the role of Arl1 in F. graminearum is not well understood. In this study, we characterized the Arl1-homologous protein FgArl1 in F. graminearum and showed that FgArl1 is located in the trans-Golgi apparatus. The deletion of FgARL1 resulted in a significant decrease in vegetative growth and pathogenicity. Further analyses of the ΔFgarl1 mutant revealed defects in the production of DON. Taken together, these results indicate that FgArl1 is important in the development and pathogenicity of F. graminearum.

中文翻译：

---

ADP-核糖基化因子样小 GTPase FgArl1 参与禾谷镰刀菌的生长、致病性和 DON 产生

禾谷镰刀菌是小麦及相关物种赤霉病（FHB）的主要病原菌，造成严重减产和经济损失，并产生脱氧雪腐镰刀菌烯醇（DON）等毒素，危害人畜健康。囊泡转运是真核生物细胞存活所需的基本生理过程。据报道，许多囊泡运输的调节因子与真菌的致病性有关。在酵母和哺乳动物细胞中，ADP 核糖基化因子样小 GTPase Arl1 及其直向同源物参与调节囊泡运输、细胞骨架重组和其他重要的生物过程。然而，Arl1 在禾谷镰刀菌中的作用尚不清楚。在这项研究中，我们表征了 F 中的 Arl1 同源蛋白 FgArl1。graminearum 并表明 FgArl1 位于跨高尔基体中。FgARL1 的缺失导致营养生长和致病性显着降低。对 ΔFgarl1 突变体的进一步分析揭示了 DON 产生的缺陷。总之，这些结果表明 FgArl1 在禾谷镰刀菌的发育和致病性中很重要。