Abstract Desalinated water is not suitable for direct use as it is prone to corrosion and has adverse effects on human health and the environment. Desalinated water is slightly acidic, lacks minerals and cannot be used un-buffered, thus making remineralization an important component downstream of desalination. We systematically review remineralization requirements and regulations with respect to corrosion control, human health and agriculture needs. This includes not only concentrations of specific ions, but also relative ratios. We compare and contrast existing remineralization methods with emerging, energy-efficient methods that require less chemicals. The impact of the lack of certain minerals such as magnesium, calcium and sulfate, on health and environment are evaluated in order to guide regulatory bodies towards maintaining safe standards. Emerging methods include harvesting minerals from seawater or brine through the combination of nanofiltration membranes with others (CIX, UF, Diananofiltration) and using them to re-mineralize the product stream. This reduces the need for chemicals from an external source and thus lowers the environmental impact. This review is to be used as a tool for guiding readers in proper remineralization choices depending on their application.

中文翻译：

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淡化水的再矿化：方法和环境影响

摘要 淡化水容易腐蚀，对人体健康和环境产生不利影响，不宜直接使用。淡化水呈微酸性，缺乏矿物质，不能在无缓冲的情况下使用，因此使再矿化成为淡化下游的重要组成部分。我们系统地审查关于腐蚀控制、人类健康和农业需求的再矿化要求和法规。这不仅包括特定离子的浓度，还包括相对比率。我们将现有的再矿化方法与需要较少化学品的新兴节能方法进行比较和对比。评估缺乏某些矿物质（如镁、钙和硫酸盐）对健康和环境的影响，以指导监管机构保持安全标准。新兴方法包括通过将纳滤膜与其他膜（CIX、UF、Dianano 过滤）结合从海水或盐水中收集矿物质，并使用它们使产品流再矿化。这减少了对来自外部来源的化学品的需求，从而降低了对环境的影响。该评论将用作指导读者根据其应用进行适当的再矿化选择的工具。