Fifth generation (5G) cellular networks will serve a wide variety of heterogeneous use cases, including mobile broadband users, ultra-low latency services and massively dense connectivity scenarios. The resulting diverse communication requirements will demand networking with unprecedented flexibility, not currently provided by the monolithic black-box approach of 4G cellular networks. The research community and an increasing number of standardization bodies and industry coalitions have recognized softwarization, virtualization, and disaggregation of networking functionalities as the key enablers of the needed shift to flexibility. Particularly, software-defined cellular networks are heralded as the prime technology to satisfy the new application-driven traffic requirements and to support the highly time-varying topology and interference dynamics, because of their openness through well-defined interfaces, and programmability, for swift and responsive network optimization. Leading the technological innovation in this direction, several 5G software-based projects and alliances have embraced the open source approach, making new libraries and frameworks available to the wireless community. This race to open source softwarization, however, has led to a deluge of solutions whose interoperability and interactions are often unclear. This article provides the first cohesive and exhaustive compendium of recent open source software and frameworks for 5G cellular networks, with a full stack and end-to-end perspective. We detail their capabilities and functionalities focusing on how their constituting elements fit the 5G ecosystem, and unravel the interactions among the surveyed solutions. Finally, we review hardware and testbeds on which these frameworks can run, and provide a critical perspective on the limitations of the state-of-the-art, as well as feasible directions toward fully open source, programmable 5G networks.

第五代（5G）蜂窝网络将为各种各样的异构用例提供服务，包括移动宽带用户，超低延迟服务和大规模密集的连接方案。随之而来的各种通信需求将要求网络具有前所未有的灵活性，这是4G蜂窝网络的单片黑盒方法目前无法提供的。研究界以及越来越多的标准化机构和行业联盟已经认识到软化，虚拟化和网络功能的分解是实现向灵活性转变的关键推动力。特别是，软件定义的蜂窝网络被誉为满足新的应用驱动流量需求并支持高度时变拓扑和干扰动态的主要技术，通过定义明确的界面实现开放性和可编程性，以实现快速响应的网络优化。引领技术创新朝此方向发展，几个基于5G软件的项目和联盟采用了开源方法，从而为无线社区提供了新的库和框架。但是，与开源软件软化的竞争导致了大量的解决方案，这些解决方案的互操作性和交互作用通常不清楚。本文以完整的堆栈和端到端的视角，提供了针对5G蜂窝网络的最新开源软件和框架的第一个内聚和详尽的纲要。我们将详细介绍其功能和功能，重点是其构成要素如何适合5G生态系统，并阐明所调查解决方案之间的相互作用。最后，我们回顾了可以运行这些框架的硬件和测试平台，