Abstract

The results of large-scale meta-analyses of GWAS and genetic association studies demonstrated the role of allelic variants of a large number of genes in the development of cognitive abilities. Many of the identified genes are expressed in the brain and are involved in the pathogenesis of nervous system diseases. It has been shown that the summarized genetic effect for various cognitive abilities is no more than 50%. For certain genes, such as BDNF, DRD2, FNBP1L, PDE1C, PDE4B, and PDE4D, related to the regulation of neurogenesis and synaptic plasticity, associations with specific cognitive abilities were revealed. We assume the prospect of using the obtained results for the targeted effect in order to improve human cognitive abilities. This review describes DNA methylation, histone acetylation, expression of specific noncoding RNAs during brain functioning, and the development of individual differences in cognitive abilities. The revealed epigenetic mechanisms suggest the methods of reversible correction of cognitive functioning both in nonclinical forms and pathological states.

中文翻译：

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认知发展的遗传机制

摘要

GWAS大规模荟萃分析和遗传关联研究的结果表明，大量基因的等位基因变异在认知能力发展中的作用。许多已鉴定的基因在大脑中表达，并参与神经系统疾病的发病机理。研究表明，各种认知能力的遗传效应汇总不超过50％。对于某些基因，例如BDNF，DRD2，FNBP1L，PDE1C，PDE4B和PDE4D与神经发生和突触可塑性的调节有关，揭示了与特定认知能力的关系。我们假设将获得的结果用于目标效果以提高人类认知能力的前景。这篇综述描述了DNA甲基化，组蛋白乙酰化，大脑功能过程中特定非编码RNA的表达以及认知能力个体差异的发展。揭示的表观遗传机制提示了非临床形式和病理状态下可逆性认知功能的纠正方法。