Aerobic granular sludge technology has great potential for the treatment of petroleum refinery wastewater. However, strategies to shorten the granulation time and improvement the stability still need to be developed. In this work, biochar was prepared from waste petroleum activated sludge (biochar-WPS) and used in a sequencing batch reactor for the treatment of petroleum refinery wastewater. Biochar-WPS presented the surface area of 229.77 m²/g, pore volume of 0.28 cm³/g, H/C and O/C atomic ratios of 0.42 and 0.21, respectively. The porous structure and a high degree of hydrophilicity were found to facilitate microbial colonization and adhesion as well as particle aggregation. Application of biochar-WPS resulted in the formation of more substantial and stable aerobic granules (~ 66% of granules > 0.46 mm diameter) 15 days earlier compared with the control. The addition of biochar-WPS enhanced the average removal efficiency of chemical organic demand (~ 3%), oil (~ 4%) and total nitrogen (~ 10%) over the control. Increased microbial richness and diversity were observed within the formed granules and had an increased (~ 4%) proportion of denitrifying bacteria. These results indicate that an aerobic granulation mechanism using biochar-WPS is a feasible option for the treatment of petroleum refinery wastewater.

中文翻译：

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使用生物炭快速好氧制粒处理炼油厂废水

好氧颗粒污泥技术在处理炼油废水方面具有巨大潜力。但是，仍然需要制定缩短制粒时间和提高稳定性的策略。在这项工作中，由废弃的石油活性污泥（biochar-WPS）制备了生物炭，并将其用于顺序批处理反应器中，用于处理炼油厂废水。Biochar-WPS的表面积为229.77 m ² / g，孔体积为0.28 cm ³/ g，H / C和O / C原子比分别为0.42和0.21。发现多孔结构和高度亲水性有助于微生物定植和粘附以及颗粒聚集。与对照相比，biochar-WPS的施用导致在15天之前形成了更坚固，更稳定的好氧颗粒（约66％的颗粒> 0.46 mm直径）。与对照相比，生物炭-WPS的添加提高了化学有机需求（〜3％），油（〜4％）和总氮（〜10％）的平均去除效率。在形成的颗粒中观察到增加的微生物丰富度和多样性，并且反硝化细菌的比例增加（〜4％）。这些结果表明，使用生物炭-WPS的好氧制粒机制是处理石油精炼厂废水的可行选择。