The magnitude of SARS-CoV-2 infection, the dynamic changes of immune parameters in patients with the novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) and their correlation with the disease severity remain unclear. The clinical and laboratory results from 154 confirmed COVID-19 patients were collected. The SARS-CoV-2 RNA levels in patients were estimated using the Ct values of specific RT-PCR tests. The lymphocyte subsets and cytokine profiles in the peripheral blood were analyzed by flow cytometry and specific immunoassays. 154 confirmed COVID-19 patients were clinically examined up to 4 weeks after admission. The initial SARS-CoV-2 RNA Ct values at admission varied, but were comparable in the patient groups classified according to the age, gender, underlying diseases, and disease severity. Three days after admission, significant higher Ct values were found in severe cases. Significantly reduced counts of T cells and T cell subsets were found in patients with old age and underlying diseases at admission and were characteristic for the development of severe COVID-19. Severe COVID-19 developed preferentially in patients with underlying compromised immunity and was not associated with initial virus levels. Higher SARS-CoV-2 RNA levels in severe cases were apparently a result of impaired immune control associated with dysregulation of inflammation.

SARS-CoV-2 感染的程度、新型冠状病毒病 (COVID-19) 患者免疫参数的动态变化及其与疾病严重程度的相关性仍不清楚。收集了 154 名确诊的 COVID-19 患者的临床和实验室结果。使用特定 RT-PCR 测试的 Ct 值估计患者中的 SARS-CoV-2 RNA 水平。通过流式细胞术和特异性免疫测定法分析外周血中的淋巴细胞亚群和细胞因子谱。入院后长达 4 周对 154 名确诊的 COVID-19 患者进行了临床检查。入院时的初始 SARS-CoV-2 RNA Ct 值各不相同，但在根据年龄、性别、基础疾病和疾病严重程度分类的患者组中具有可比性。入院后三天，在严重病例中发现显着更高的 Ct 值。在入院时患有老年和潜在疾病的患者中发现 T 细胞和 T 细胞亚群的数量显着减少，并且是重症 COVID-19 发展的特征。严重的 COVID-19 优先在潜在免疫力受损的患者中发展，并且与初始病毒水平无关。严重病例中较高的 SARS-CoV-2 RNA 水平显然是与炎症失调相关的免疫控制受损的结果。严重的 COVID-19 优先在潜在免疫力受损的患者中发展，并且与初始病毒水平无关。严重病例中较高的 SARS-CoV-2 RNA 水平显然是与炎症失调相关的免疫控制受损的结果。严重的 COVID-19 优先在潜在免疫力受损的患者中发展，并且与初始病毒水平无关。严重病例中较高的 SARS-CoV-2 RNA 水平显然是与炎症失调相关的免疫控制受损的结果。