The possibility of inducing resistance to the two-spotted spider mite, Tetranychus urticae Koch, in ‘Gala’ apple trees growing under optimal fertilization or nitrogen-deficiency conditions was investigated. The effects of jasmonic acid (JA) at 1.5 and 2.5 mM, and acibenzolar-S-methyl (benzothiadiazole, BTH) at 0.5 and 1.5 mM, applied separately or together, on the fecundity of T. urticae females in a laboratory test as well as on the population growth of the pest in a greenhouse experiment were determined. The influence of both elicitors on the induction of LOX and PAL gene expression was assessed in a parallel experiment using real-time PCR. Jasmonic acid showed significantly higher effectiveness in inducing apple tree resistance to T. urticae, as compared to BTH. This was particularly evident in the reduction in pest numbers that was observed in the greenhouse experiment and was also confirmed by increased LOX gene expression after treatment with JA. BTH induced the expression of the PAL gene more strongly than jasmonic acid; however, this was not reflected in the performance of the two-spotted spider mite in the laboratory and greenhouse experiments. It was also found that the antagonistic effect of BTH on JA might lead to decreased effectiveness of the jasmonic acid used to induce apple tree resistance to the two-spotted spider mite. Although nitrogen fertilization stimulated the development of spider mite populations, the resistance induction mechanism was more effective in N-fertilized plants, which was especially evident at the higher jasmonic acid concentration.

中文翻译：

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茉莉酸和苯并-S-甲基在诱导苹果树对二斑叶螨（Tetranychus urticae）的抗性中的相互关系。


研究了在最佳施肥或缺氮条件下生长的“嘎拉”苹果树诱导对二斑叶螨（ Tetranychus urticae Koch）抗性的可能性。在实验室测试中，单独或一起施用 1.5 和 2.5 mM 的茉莉酸 (JA) 以及 0.5 和 1.5 mM 的苯并噻二唑（苯并噻二唑，BTH）对二斑绦虫雌性繁殖力的影响正如在温室实验中确定的害虫种群增长一样。在使用实时 PCR 的平行实验中评估了两种诱导子对 LOX 和 PAL 基因表达诱导的影响。与 BTH 相比，茉莉酸在诱导苹果树对二斑叶螨的抗性方面表现出显着更高的效果。这在温室实验中观察到的害虫数量减少中尤为明显，并且通过 JA 处理后 LOX 基因表达的增加也得到了证实。 BTH比茉莉酸更强烈地诱导PAL基因的表达；然而，这并没有反映在二斑叶螨在实验室和温室实验中的表现中。研究还发现，BTH对JA的拮抗作用可能会导致用于诱导苹果树对二斑叶螨产生抗性的茉莉酸的有效性降低。虽然施氮肥刺激了红蜘蛛种群的发育，但施氮肥植物的抗性诱导机制更有效，这在较高茉莉酸浓度下尤其明显。