Posttranscriptional modifications of anticodon loops contribute to the decoding efficiency of tRNAs by supporting codon recognition and loop stability. Consistently, strong synthetic growth defects are observed in yeast strains simultaneously lacking distinct anticodon loop modifications. These phenotypes are accompanied by translational inefficiency of certain mRNAs and disturbed protein homeostasis resulting in accumulation of protein aggregates. Different combinations of anticodon loop modification defects were shown to affect distinct tRNAs but provoke common transcriptional changes that are reminiscent of the cellular response to nutrient starvation. Multiple mechanisms may be involved in mediating inadequate starvation response upon loss of critical tRNA modifications. Recent evidence suggests protein aggregate induction to represent one such trigger.

通过支持密码子识别和环稳定性，反密码子环的转录后修饰有助于tRNA的解码效率。一致地，在酵母菌株中观察到强的合成生长缺陷，同时缺乏明显的反密码子环修饰。这些表型伴有某些mRNA的翻译效率低下和蛋白质稳态失调，从而导致蛋白质聚集体积聚。已显示反密码子环修饰缺陷的不同组合会影响不同的tRNA，但会引起常见的转录变化，让人联想到细胞对营养缺乏的反应。失去关键的tRNA修饰后，介导不足的饥饿反应可能涉及多种机制。