The serine/threonine phosphatase calcineurin acts as a crucial connection between calcium signaling the phosphorylation states of numerous important substrates. These substrates include, but are not limited to, transcription factors, receptors and channels, proteins associated with mitochondria, and proteins associated with microtubules. Calcineurin is activated by increases in intracellular calcium concentrations, a process that requires the calcium sensing protein calmodulin binding to an intrinsically disordered regulatory domain in the phosphatase. Despite having been studied for around four decades, the activation of calcineurin is not fully understood. This review largely focuses on what is known about the activation process and highlights aspects that are currently not understood.

中文翻译：

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钙调神经磷酸酶。

丝氨酸/苏氨酸磷酸酶钙调神经磷酸酶作为钙信号与许多重要底物的磷酸化状态之间的关键连接。这些底物包括但不限于转录因子、受体和通道、与线粒体相关的蛋白质和与微管相关的蛋白质。钙调神经磷酸酶通过细胞内钙浓度的增加被激活，这一过程需要钙感应蛋白钙调蛋白与磷酸酶中固有的无序调节域结合。尽管已经研究了大约四年，但钙调神经磷酸酶的激活尚未完全了解。这篇评论主要关注激活过程的已知内容，并重点介绍目前尚未了解的方面。