The distribution and conduction path of lightning current inside carbon fiber-reinforced polymer (CFRP) composites subjected to lightning strikes are determined by their dynamic conductive characteristics. An experimental platform that generates lightning current impulses with variable parameters was established to obtain the equivalent conductivities of CFRPs with different laminated structures. The experimental results indicated that the through-thickness conductivity (10⁻³ S/mm) was much lower than the in-plane conductivity (10⁰ S/mm). Then, the dynamic conduction model of CFRPs was analyzed based on the anisotropic nonlinear conductivities of CFRPs under lightning currents of 50–1000 A. The CFRP laminate could be regarded as a series circuit of resistance and inductance. The dynamic conductance of the CFRP laminate first increased and then decreased during the single lightning current strike process, which was closely related to the conductive properties of the interlaminar resin. The inductive properties of the CFRP material were manifested in the test results, which showed that the voltage reached the peak value prior to the current waveform and the equivalent conductivities of the CFRPs increased as the rate of increase decreased and the duration increased. In addition, the equivalent inductance of the carbon fiber network was found to be an important part of the inductive effect of CFRP laminates. This research is helpful for understanding the complicated relationships in the lightning current conducting process and can provide experimental and theoretical support for CFRP coupled electrical–thermal simulation studies of lightning direct effects.

碳纤维增强聚合物（CFRP）复合材料内部遭受雷击的雷电流分布和传导路径取决于其动态导电特性。建立了产生具有可变参数的雷电流脉冲的实验平台，以获得具有不同层压结构的CFRP的等效电导率。实验结果表明，贯穿厚度的电导率（10 ^-3 S / mm）远低于面内的电导率（10 ⁰S / mm）。然后，基于雷电电流为50–1000 A时CFRP的各向异性非线性电导率，分析了CFRP的动态传导模型。该CFRP层压板可以看作是电阻和电感的串联电路。在一次雷电流冲击过程中，CFRP层压板的动态电导率先升高然后降低，这与层间树脂的导电性能密切相关。测试结果表明了CFRP材料的电感特性，表明电压在电流波形之前达到峰值，并且CFRPs的等效电导率随着增加速率的降低和持续时间的增加而增加。此外，发现碳纤维网络的等效电感是CFRP层压板感应效果的重要部分。这项研究有助于理解雷电传导过程中的复杂关系，并可以为CFRP耦合电热模拟雷电直接效应提供实验和理论支持。