Coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) pandemic caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) is evolving across the world and new treatments are urgently needed as with vaccines to prevent the illness and stem the contagion. The virus affects not only the lungs but also other tissues, thus lending support to the idea that COVID-19 is a systemic disease. The current vaccine and treatment development strategies ought to consider such systems medicine perspectives rather than a narrower focus on the lung infection only. COVID-19 is associated with elevated levels of the inflammatory cytokines such as interleukin-6 (IL-6), IL-10, and interferon-gamma (IFN-γ). Elevated levels of cytokines and the cytokine storm have been linked to fatal disease. This suggests new therapeutic strategies through blocking the cytokine storm. IL-6 is one of the major cytokines associated with the cytokine storm. IL-6 is also known to display pleiotropic/diverse pathophysiological effects. We suggest the blockage of IL-6 signaling and its downstream mediators such as Janus kinases (JAKs), and signal transducer and activators of transcription (STATs) offer potential hope for the treatment of severe cases of COVID-19. Thus, repurposing of already approved IL-6-JAK-STAT signaling inhibitors as well as other anti-inflammatory drugs, including dexamethasone, is under development for severe COVID-19 cases. We conclude this expert review by highlighting the potential role of precision herbal medicines, for example, the Cannabis sativa, provided that omics technologies can be utilized to build a robust scientific evidence base on their clinical safety and efficacy. Precision herbal medicine buttressed by omics systems science would also help identify new molecular targets for drug discovery against COVID-19.

中文翻译：

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针对白细胞介素6信号传导和草药的冠状病毒病-2019治疗策略。

由严重急性呼吸系统综合症冠状病毒2（SARS-CoV-2）引起的2019年冠状病毒疾病（COVID-19）大流行在全球范围内不断发展，因此迫切需要新的疗法来预防这种疾病和阻止传染。该病毒不仅影响肺，还影响其他组织，因此支持了COVID-19是一种全身性疾病的观点。当前的疫苗和治疗开发策略应考虑此类系统的医学观点，而不是仅关注肺部感染。COVID-19与炎性细胞因子（如白介素6（IL-6），IL-10和干扰素-γ（IFN-γ））水平升高有关。细胞因子水平升高和细胞因子风暴与致命疾病有关。这暗示了通过阻断细胞因子风暴的新治疗策略。IL-6是与细胞因子风暴有关的主要细胞因子之一。IL-6还显示出多效性/多样的病理生理作用。我们建议阻断IL-6信号及其下游介质，如Janus激酶（JAKs），以及信号转导子和转录激活子（STATs），为重症COVID-19的治疗提供潜在的希望。因此，针对严重的COVID-19病例，正在开发针对已经批准的IL-6-JAK-STAT信号抑制剂以及其他抗炎药（包括地塞米松）的用途。我们通过重点介绍精密草药的潜在作用来结束本专家综述，例如，我们建议阻断IL-6信号及其下游介质，如Janus激酶（JAKs），以及信号转导子和转录激活子（STATs），为重症COVID-19的治疗提供潜在的希望。因此，针对严重的COVID-19病例，正在开发针对已经批准的IL-6-JAK-STAT信号抑制剂以及其他抗炎药（包括地塞米松）的用途。我们通过重点介绍精密草药的潜在作用来结束本专家综述，例如，我们建议阻断IL-6信号及其下游介质，如Janus激酶（JAKs），以及信号转导子和转录激活子（STATs），为重症COVID-19的治疗提供潜在的希望。因此，针对严重的COVID-19病例，正在开发针对已经批准的IL-6-JAK-STAT信号抑制剂以及其他抗炎药（包括地塞米松）的用途。我们通过重点介绍精密草药的潜在作用来结束本专家综述，例如，包括地塞米松在内的重度COVID-19病例正在研发中。我们通过重点介绍精密草药的潜在作用来结束本专家综述，例如，包括地塞米松在内的重度COVID-19病例正在研发中。我们通过重点介绍精密草药的潜在作用来结束本专家综述，例如，大麻，前提是可以使用组学技术根据其临床安全性和有效性建立可靠的科学证据。由组学系统科学支持的精密草药也将有助于确定针对COVID-19的药物发现的新分子靶标。