Radiology signs have long been described in ways that communicate the imagery around us to enhance our cognitive perception. Here, we describe the use and limitations of 10 such signs in neuroradiology, divided into three groups. The first are signs that are reliable for a specific diagnosis, such as the Medusa head sign indicating a developmental venous anomaly, or a racing car sign in agenesis of corpus callosum. The second group of signs helps us to diagnose rare conditions, such as the onion skin sign in Balo’s concentric sclerosis. The third group is of unreliable signs that may lead clinicians astray. For example, the absence of a swallow-tail sign in Parkinson’s disease or the presence of a hummingbird sign and Mickey Mouse sign in progressive supranuclear palsy. The appropriate use of these signs in clinical practice is essential.

中文翻译：

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描述性神经放射学：超越蜂鸟

长期以来，放射学标志的描述方式是通过传达我们周围的图像来增强我们的认知感知。在这里，我们描述了神经放射学中 10 个此类标志的使用和局限性，分为三组。第一个是对特定诊断可靠的迹象，例如表明发育性静脉异常的美杜莎头征，或胼胝体发育不全的赛车征。第二组体征帮助我们诊断罕见疾病，例如巴洛同心圆性硬化症中的洋葱皮征。第三组是不可靠的迹象，可能导致临床医生误入歧途。例如，帕金森氏症中不存在燕尾征，或进行性核上性麻痹中存在蜂鸟征和米老鼠征。在临床实践中适当使用这些体征是必不可少的。