Although many types of simulated radionuclides have been widely used as a substitute for actual nuclear waste in the studies of nuclear waste solidification, the understanding of the applicability and validity of simulated radionuclides is still insufficient. In particular, the selection and use of simulated radionuclides, which can play a decisive role in the accuracy of the experimental results, still lack unified or integrated references. This paper provides a critical review on the selection, experimental methods, and applicability of the most commonly studied simulated radionuclides, followed by a careful discussion and recommendation of simulated radionuclides suitable for different solidified bodies. The main factors (e.g., temperature, pH, and atmosphere) affecting the choice of simulated radionuclides were analyzed in detail. This work helps to integrate the selection and use of simulated radionuclides, and it will be beneficial for improving the effectiveness of nuclide solidification research.

中文翻译：

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核废料凝固研究中常用模拟放射性核素的选择和实验方法综述

尽管在核废料固化研究中许多类型的模拟放射性核素已被广泛用作实际核废料的替代品，但对模拟放射性核素的适用性和有效性的了解仍然不足。特别是，模拟放射性核素的选择和使用对实验结果的准确性起决定性作用，但仍然缺乏统一或综合的参考文献。本文对最常研究的模拟放射性核素的选择，实验方法和适用性进行了严格的审查，随后对适用于不同凝固体的模拟放射性核素进行了仔细的讨论和推荐。详细分析了影响模拟放射性核素选择的主要因素（例如温度，pH和气氛）。