Yeasts have long been used to produce alcoholic beverages and fuel ethanol. Its fast growth, well-developed genetics, robustness in large-scale fermentations and resistance to inhibitors and phages have made it the preferred microbial cell factories for production a broad range of valuable products such as biofuels, biochemicals, nutraceuticals and pharmaceuticals. Despite the successful applications to produce various chemicals industrially, engineering yeasts to achieve desired titers, rates and yields of the products is still challenging. It often requires multiplexed strain engineering, rapid and high-throughput analysis and precise control of metabolic flux, which is largely dependent on the implementation of synthetic biology tools.

中文翻译：

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社论：酵母合成生物学。

酵母长期以来一直用于生产酒精饮料和燃料乙醇。其快速生长、发达的遗传学、大规模发酵的稳健性以及对抑制剂和噬菌体的抵抗力使其成为生产各种有价值产品（如生物燃料、生物化学品、营养品和药物）的首选微生物细胞工厂。尽管已成功应用于工业生产各种化学品，但工程酵母以达到所需的产品滴度、速率和产量仍然具有挑战性。它通常需要多重菌株工程、快速和高通量分析以及代谢通量的精确控制，这在很大程度上取决于合成生物学工具的实施。