Embryo implantation is an intricate process which requires competent embryo and receptive endometrium. The failure of endometrium to achieve receptivity is a recognized cause of infertility. However, due to multiplicity of events involved, the molecular mechanisms governing endometrial receptivity are still not fully understood. Traditional one-by-one approaches, including western blotting and histochemistry, are insufficient to examine the extensive changes of endometrial proteome. Although genomics and transcriptomics studies have identified several significant genes, the underlying mechanism remains to be uncovered owing to post-transcriptional and post-translational modifications. Proteomic technologies are high throughput in protein identification, and they are now intensively used to identify diagnostic and prognostic markers in the field of reproductive medicine. There is a series of studies analyzing endometrial proteomic profile, which has provided a mechanistic insight into implantation failure. These published studies mainly focused on the difference between pre-receptive and receptive stages of endometrium, as well as on the alternation of endometrial proteomics in women with reproductive failure. Here, we review recent data from proteomic analyses regarding endometrium around the time of embryo implantation and propose possible future research directions.

中文翻译：

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胚胎植入前后的子宫内膜蛋白质组学特征。

胚胎植入是一个复杂的过程，需要有能力的胚胎和接受性子宫内膜。子宫内膜无法实现容受性是公认的不孕症原因。然而，由于涉及事件的多样性，控制子宫内膜容受性的分子机制仍未完全了解。传统的一对一方法，包括蛋白质印迹和组织化学，不足以检查子宫内膜蛋白质组的广泛变化。尽管基因组学和转录组学研究已经确定了几个重要的基因，但由于转录后和翻译后修饰，其潜在机制仍有待揭示。蛋白质组学技术在蛋白质鉴定方面具有高通量，它们现在被广泛用于识别生殖医学领域的诊断和预后标志物。有一系列分析子宫内膜蛋白质组学特征的研究，这些研究提供了对植入失败的机制洞察。这些已发表的研究主要集中在子宫内膜的接受前阶段和接受阶段之间的差异，以及生殖失败女性子宫内膜蛋白质组学的变化。在这里，我们回顾了胚胎植入前后有关子宫内膜的蛋白质组学分析的最新数据，并提出了未来可能的研究方向。这些已发表的研究主要集中在子宫内膜的接受前阶段和接受阶段之间的差异，以及生殖失败女性子宫内膜蛋白质组学的变化。在这里，我们回顾了胚胎植入前后有关子宫内膜的蛋白质组学分析的最新数据，并提出了未来可能的研究方向。这些已发表的研究主要集中在子宫内膜的接受前阶段和接受阶段之间的差异，以及生殖失败女性子宫内膜蛋白质组学的变化。在这里，我们回顾了胚胎植入前后有关子宫内膜的蛋白质组学分析的最新数据，并提出了未来可能的研究方向。