ABSTRACT

The trace metals in soil samples collected from a waste dump near eight kinds of mining sites included kaolin, gold, iron, clay, bauxite, bazan, construction stone, and antimony, located in Tay Nguyen region, Central highlands of Vietnam were investigated. The concentration of Cu, Pb, and Zn in soil were higher group compared to others heavy metal at almost mining areas in Tay Nguyen, Viet Nam. The highest concentration of Cu, Zn, Pb, Mo, B, As, Hg, and Cd was 120.46 mg/kg (Dak Drong antimony), 71.70 mg/kg (Tam Bo), 21.70 (Felspat Ea Kar), 17.33 (Trai Mat), 15.61 (Felspat Ea Kar), 8.87 (Trai Mat), 6.96 (Tan Rai), and 2.91 (Nhan Co), respectively. The content of trace metals was varying in different kinds of mining sites. Cd, Zn were mainly accumulated at waste dump from mining sites of clay, bauxite, and bazan; Pb was recorded at mining sites of clay, bazan, and construction stone while As and other trace metals were enriched at kaolin, gold, clay, and bazan. The calculated results of enrichment factor (EF) and pollution load index (PLI) indicate that almost the EF > 2 and PLI > 1 and the high contamination of trace metals for mining sites in Tay Nguyen due to human activities. The first spatial variations of trace elements in the central highlands region in Vietnam were demonstrated. The main causes of soil pollution were due to human activities, from the waste dump, waste tailings and dust from mining activities and the landfill leachate after closing mining extraction. The mixture of untreated waste soils and rocks in the backfill soil layer was also the cause of soil pollution. In bauxite mining areas, the red mud combined with many chemicals was also the main causes of soil pollution. The calculated EFs and PLI also indicated that human activities from extraction of mineral caused the main soil pollution.

摘要

从位于越南中部高地Tay Nguyen地区的八种采矿场所（包括高岭土，金，铁，粘土，铝土矿，巴赞，建筑石材和锑）附近的废物收集场收集的土壤样品中的痕量金属进行了调查。在越南Tay Nguyen的几乎采矿区，土壤中的Cu，Pb和Zn的浓度高于其他重金属。Cu，Zn，Pb，Mo，B，As，Hg和Cd的最高浓度为120.46 mg / kg（Dak Drong锑），71.70 mg / kg（Tam Bo），21.70（Felspat Ea Kar），17.33（Trai Mat），15.61（Felspat Ea Kar），8.87（Trai Mat），6.96（Tan Rai）和2.91（Nhan Co）。痕量金属的含量在不同类型的采矿场所中有所不同。镉，锌主要积累在粘土，铝土矿和巴山矿山的垃圾场。铅记录在粘土，巴赞和建筑石材的采矿现场，而砷和其他微量金属在高岭土，金，粘土和巴赞的位置富集。富集因子（EF）和污染负荷指数（PLI）的计算结果表明，由于人类活动，几乎所有EF> 2和PLI> 1以及Tay Nguyen采矿场所的痕量金属高度污染。越南中部高原地区微量元素的首次空间变化得到了证明。土壤污染的主要原因是人类活动造成的，包括采矿活动中的垃圾场，废物尾渣和粉尘以及采矿结束后的垃圾渗滤液。回填土层中未经处理的废土和岩石的混合物也是造成土壤污染的原因。在铝土矿区，赤泥与多种化学物质的结合也是造成土壤污染的主要原因。计算得出的EFs和PLI还表明，从矿物中提取的人类活动造成了主要的土壤污染。