Captive environments impact the microbiota of captive animals; however, the comparison of microbiota between wild and captive dolphins has been poorly investigated. To explore the impact of a captive environment, we characterized the fecal microbiota of nine wild and four captive Indo‐Pacific bottlenose dolphins, Tursiops aduncus, using a next‐generation sequencing and revealed differences in the fecal microbiota between the analyzed groups. Statistical differences in abundances of the phyla Firmicutes and Proteobacteria were found between the wild and captive dolphins. Thirty‐six genera (22.9% of the total genera detected in all dolphins) were shared between the groups, whereas 79 (50.3%) and 42 (26.8%) genera were found only in the wild or captive dolphins, respectively. Several pathogenic bacterial genera, including Morganella and Mycoplasma, were detected only in the captive dolphins, and the genus Lactobacillus was found only in the wild dolphins. LefSe and SIMPER analyses revealed that the genus Clostridium sensu stricto 1 was significantly more abundant in the captive dolphins than in the wild ones and contributed the most to the dissimilarity of fecal microbiota between the groups. Our results indicate that the captive environment impacts the fecal microbiota of dolphins and reinforces the importance of monitoring potentially pathogenic bacteria in captivity.

中文翻译：

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圈养环境会影响印度太平洋宽吻海豚（Tursiops aduncus）粪便微生物群的组成和多样性

圈养环境会影响圈养动物的微生物群；但是，对野生海豚和圈养海豚之间的微生物群的比较研究很少。为了探究圈养环境的影响，我们对9种野生和4种圈养的印度太平洋宽吻海豚Tursiops aduncus的粪便菌群进行了表征，使用下一代测序技术，揭示了分析组之间粪便微生物群的差异。在野生海豚和圈养海豚之间发现了Ficerophutes和Proteobacteria菌丰度的统计差异。两组之间共有36个属（在所有海豚中检出的总属中占22.9％），而仅在野生或圈养的海豚中分别发现了79个（50.3％）和42个（26.8％）属。仅在圈养的海豚中发现了几种致病细菌属，包括Morganella和支原体，而乳酸菌属仅在野生海豚中发现。LefSe和SIMPER分析显示梭状芽胞杆菌属圈养的海豚中的sensu stricto 1明显多于野生的海豚，并且在两组之间粪便微生物群的差异最大。我们的结果表明，圈养环境会影响海豚的粪便微生物群，并加强了对圈养中潜在致病细菌进行监测的重要性。