Students may exhibit growth mindsets, where intelligence is seen as malleable and failures prompt more effort and new approaches, or fixed mindsets, where intelligence is seen as immutable and failures indicate lack of intelligence. One's mindset in general may be different from that for a particular domain such as engineering. Having a growth mindset predicts more positive learning outcomes.

中文翻译：

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小学的工程思维方式和学习成果

学生可能会表现出成长的心态，其中智力被认为是可延展的，失败会促使人们付出更多的努力，而新的方法或固定的思维方式则是智力被认为是一成不变的，而失败则表明缺乏智力。通常，一个人的思维方式可能与特定领域（例如工程学）的思维方式不同。具有成长心态可以预测更积极的学习成果。