Intercellular transfer of mitochondria and mitochondrial components through extracellular vesicles (EVs), including microvesicles and exosomes, is an area of intense interest. The cargos that are carried by EVs define their biological activities. Mitochondria are in charge of bioenergetics and maintenance of cell viability. Increasing evidences indicate the presence of intact mitochondria or mitochondrial components in EVs, which raises many questions, how they are engulfed into EVs and what do they do? Here, we present what is currently known about the presence and function of various mitochondrial constituent in EVs. We also review current understanding about how and why mitochondrial components are encapsulated into EVs.

中文翻译：

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细胞外囊泡中线粒体成分的存在和功能

通过细胞外囊泡 (EV)，包括微囊泡和外泌体，线粒体和线粒体成分的细胞间转移是一个引起广泛关注的领域。电动汽车携带的货物定义了它们的生物活性。线粒体负责生物能量学和细胞活力的维持。越来越多的证据表明 EV 中存在完整的线粒体或线粒体成分，这引发了许多问题，它们是如何被 EV 吞没的，它们有什么作用？在这里，我们介绍了目前已知的关于 EV 中各种线粒体成分的存在和功能。我们还回顾了当前对线粒体成分如何以及为何被封装到 EV 中的理解。