Cystic fibrosis (CF) is a disease characterized by bacterial chronic infection of the respiratory tract and inflammation, which leads to a progressive decrease in lung function. Pseudomonas aeruginosa is commonly isolated from the sputum of patients and their presence is associated with a predominant airway inflammation with neutrophils, causing chronic colonization and higher mortality rates. Neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) have been observed in response against Pseudomonas, however, these cannot eliminate the pathogen from the respiratory tract, so one possibility is that the bacteria could promote their production to use them as a scaffold to colonize the lungs and as a nutrient source, however, their overproduction could also lead to increased damage to the lungs. In this work, we evaluated NETs formation by Pseudomonas clinical isolates obtained from CF patients and found that these induced NETs formation with globular or spread morphologies, of note, we found that there is a trend by which the spread forms were induced mainly by isolates obtained from patients with severe disease, whereas, the globular morphologies were observed for isolates obtained from patients with mild/moderate disease. Finally, we screened for bacterial molecules implicated in NETs formation and found that Exotoxin S, pyocin S2 and pyoverdine could participate in the process.

囊性纤维化（CF）是一种以细菌慢性感染呼吸道和发炎为特征的疾病，其导致肺功能的逐步下降。铜绿假单胞菌通常从患者的痰液中分离出来，并且它们的存在与嗜中性粒细胞的主要气道炎症有关，导致慢性定植和较高的死亡率。已观察到中性粒细胞胞外陷阱（NETs）对假单胞菌的反应然而，这些不能消除呼吸道中的病原体，因此一种可能性是细菌可以促进它们的产生，从而将它们用作支架在肺中定殖并作为营养源，但是，它们的过度产生也可能导致损害增加。到肺部。在这项工作中，我们评估了假单胞菌的NETs形成。从CF患者获得的临床分离株，发现这些诱导的NETs呈球状或扩散形态，值得注意的是，我们发现存在一种趋势，主要由重症患者获得分离株来诱导扩散形式，而球状观察到从轻度/中度疾病患者分离出的分离株的形态。最后，我们筛选了与NETs形成有关的细菌分子，发现Exotoxin S，pyyocin S2和pyoverdine可以参与该过程。