Tocopherols long dominated studies on vitamin E, although interest has shifted to tocotrienols. It was previously shown that δ-tocotrienol derived from palm oil reduced nitric oxide released by BV2 microglia as early as 18 h after lipopolysaccharide stimulation. The current study measured δ-tocotrienol uptake by BV2 over a 24 h incubation period and its anti-inflammatory effects on primary microglia. Uptake of 17.5 μg/mL δ-tocotrienol by BV2 microglia began as early as 5 min and rose steeply to 21 ± 3% of the amount administered at 24 h. The amount of δ-tocotrienol retained in the lipopolysaccharide-stimulated microglia at 24 h was 14 ± 2%, with no substantial difference seen in unstimulated microglia. The same δ-tocotrienol regimen reduced nitric oxide levels by 82% at 24 h after lipopolysaccharide stimulation (p < 0.05). This was accompanied by decreased inducible nitric oxide synthase protein expression by 67 ± 5% compared to untreated controls (p < 0.05). In primary microglia, δ-tocotrienol downregulated IL-1β production, but TNF-α and IL-6 were not affected. δ-Tocotrienol also reduced prostaglandin E2 production by ~78%% and decreased transcription of COX-2 and 5-LOX, but not COX-1. This study showed the anti-inflammatory effects of δ-tocotrienol derived from palm oil and opens up interest for tocotrienol supplementation to reduce the effects of inflammatory conditions.

维生素E长期以来一直主导着维生素E的研究，尽管人们的兴趣已转移到生育三烯酚上。先前已经证明，衍生自棕榈油的δ-生育三烯酚早在脂多糖刺激后18小时就降低了BV2小胶质细胞释放的一氧化氮。目前的研究测量了BV2在24小时的孵育期内对δ-生育三烯酚的吸收及其对原发性小胶质细胞的抗炎作用。BV2小胶质细胞开始吸收17.5μg/ mLδ-生育三烯酚的时间早于5分钟，并急剧上升至24 h给药量的21±3％。在24 h保留在脂多糖刺激的小胶质细胞中的δ-生育三烯酚的量为14±2％，在未刺激的小胶质细胞中没有实质性差异。脂多糖刺激后24小时，相同的δ-生育三烯酚方案可将一氧化二氮水平降低82％（p <0.05）。与未处理的对照组相比，其伴随的诱导型一氧化氮合酶蛋白表达降低了67±5％（p <0.05）。在原发性小胶质细胞中，δ-生育三烯酚下调了IL-1β的产生，但TNF-α和IL-6并未受到影响。δ-生育三烯酚还将前列腺素E2的生成量降低了约78 %%，并降低了COX-2和5-LOX的转录，但不降低COX-1的转录。这项研究显示了衍生自棕榈油的δ-生育三烯酚的抗炎作用，并为补充生育三烯酚以减轻炎症状况的影响打开了兴趣。δ-生育三烯酚还将前列腺素E2的生成量降低了约78 %%，并降低了COX-2和5-LOX的转录，但不降低COX-1的转录。这项研究显示了衍生自棕榈油的δ-生育三烯酚的抗炎作用，并为补充生育三烯酚以减轻炎症状况的影响打开了兴趣。δ-生育三烯酚还将前列腺素E2的生成量降低了约78 %%，并降低了COX-2和5-LOX的转录，但不降低COX-1的转录。这项研究显示了衍生自棕榈油的δ-生育三烯酚的抗炎作用，并为补充生育三烯酚以减轻炎症状况的影响打开了兴趣。