This work investigates the effect of NaZSM-5 zeolite’s acid properties on the catalytic cracking of crude soybean to produce gasoline-like hydrocarbons. We modified both the acid concentration and the acid strength of the NaZSM-5(60) zeolite (where 60 denotes the SiO2/Al2O3 molar ratio) either by varying the SiO2/Al2O3 ratio (i.e., 30, and 90) or by exchanging the compensation cation (i.e., from Na+ to H+). Given the ammonia temperature-programmed desorption and temperature-programmed oxidation tests, we observed that the acid strength of the catalyst is associated not only with the distribution of the cracking products, but also with the nature of the carbonaceous deposits formed during the reaction. Weak, medium, and strong acidity were associated with the formation of heavy hydrocarbon species, soft, and hard coke, respectively. The NaZSM-5 zeolites exhibited weak and medium acidity, while the HZSM-5(60) zeolite exhibited weak and strong acidity. Although both NaZSM-5(30) and HZSM-5(60) zeolites delivered higher gasoline yield than the NaZSM-5(60) zeolite due to its higher acid concentration, the HZSM-5(60) zeolite formed carbonaceous deposits with lower reactivity (i.e., hard coke). Therefore, low values of SiO2/Al2O3 ratio in the NaZSM-5 zeolite drive the reaction products towards gasoline-like hydrocarbons and favor the catalyst reactivation through the formation of more reactive carbonaceous deposits.

中文翻译：

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通过裂解粗大豆油生产类似汽油的碳氢化合物：调整 NaZSM-5 沸石的酸度以延长催化剂寿命

这项工作研究了 NaZSM-5 沸石的酸性对粗大豆催化裂化生产类汽油烃的影响。我们通过改变 SiO2/Al2O3 比率（即 30 和 90）或通过交换 NaZSM-5(60) 沸石（其中 60 表示 SiO2/Al2O3 摩尔比）来修改酸浓度和酸强度。补偿阳离子（即从 Na+ 到 H+）。鉴于氨程序升温解吸和程序升温氧化试验，我们观察到催化剂的酸强度不仅与裂化产物的分布有关，还与反应过程中形成的含碳沉积物的性质有关。弱酸、中酸和强酸分别与重烃物质、软焦和硬焦的形成有关。NaZSM-5沸石表现出弱酸性和中酸性，而HZSM-5(60)沸石表现出弱酸性和强酸性。尽管 NaZSM-5(30) 和 HZSM-5(60) 沸石由于其较高的酸浓度而提供比 NaZSM-5(60) 沸石更高的汽油产率，但 HZSM-5(60) 沸石形成的碳质沉积物反应性较低（即硬焦炭）。因此，NaZSM-5 沸石中较低的 SiO2/Al2O3 比值将反应产物推向类似汽油的碳氢化合物，并通过形成更具反应性的碳质沉积物来促进催化剂的再活化。HZSM-5(60) 沸石形成了反应性较低的碳质沉积物（即硬焦）。因此，NaZSM-5 沸石中较低的 SiO2/Al2O3 比值将反应产物推向类似汽油的碳氢化合物，并通过形成更具反应性的碳质沉积物来促进催化剂的再活化。HZSM-5(60) 沸石形成了反应性较低的碳质沉积物（即硬焦）。因此，NaZSM-5 沸石中较低的 SiO2/Al2O3 比值将反应产物推向类似汽油的碳氢化合物，并通过形成更具反应性的碳质沉积物来促进催化剂的再活化。