Non-thermal plasma is a promising technology for high purity nanomaterial synthesis in a fast, flexible and controllable process. Gliding arc discharge, as one of the most efficient non-thermal plasmas, has been widely used in gas treatment but rarely studied for the nanomaterial synthesis. In this study, a comparison study for carbon nanosheets synthesis including toluene dissociation and graphite exfoliation was investigated in a 2D gliding arc reactor at atmospheric pressure. The effects of gas flow rate, precursor concentration and power input on the structures of carbon nanosheets produced through the two synthesis routes were explored and compared. Amorphous carbon nanosheets were produced in both approaches with a few crystalline structures formation in the case of toluene dissociation. The thickness of carbon nanosheets synthesized from graphite exfoliation was less than 3 nm, which was thinner and more uniform than that from toluene dissociation. The flow rate of carrier gas has direct influence on the morphology of carbon nanomaterials in the case of toluene dissociation. Carbon spheres were also produced along with nanosheets when the flow rate decreased from 2 to 0.5 L/min. However, in the case of graphite exfoliation, only carbon nanosheets were observed regardless of the change in flow rate of the carrier gas. The generated chemical species and plasma gas temperatures were measured and estimated for the mechanism study, respectively.

中文翻译：

---

滑弧反应器中碳纳米片的合成：关于反应路线和工艺参数

非热等离子体是一种快速、灵活和可控的高纯度纳米材料合成技术。滑弧放电作为最有效的非热等离子体之一，已广泛用于气体处理，但很少用于纳米材料合成。在这项研究中，在大气压下的二维滑动弧反应器中研究了碳纳米片合成的比较研究，包括甲苯解离和石墨剥离。探索并比较了气体流量、前驱体浓度和功率输入对通过两种合成路线制备的碳纳米片结构的影响。在甲苯解离的情况下，在两种方法中都产生了具有少量晶体结构形成的无定形碳纳米片。石墨剥离法合成的碳纳米片厚度小于3 nm，比甲苯解离法合成的碳纳米片更薄更均匀。在甲苯解离的情况下，载气的流速对碳纳米材料的形貌有直接影响。当流速从 2 L/min 降低到 0.5 L/min 时，碳球也与纳米片一起产生。然而，在石墨剥离的情况下，无论载气流量如何变化，仅观察到碳纳米片。为机制研究分别测量和估计了生成的化学物质和等离子体气体温度。在甲苯解离的情况下，载气的流速对碳纳米材料的形貌有直接影响。当流速从 2 L/min 降低到 0.5 L/min 时，碳球也与纳米片一起产生。然而，在石墨剥离的情况下，无论载气流量如何变化，仅观察到碳纳米片。为机制研究分别测量和估计了生成的化学物质和等离子体气体温度。在甲苯解离的情况下，载气的流速对碳纳米材料的形貌有直接影响。当流速从 2 L/min 降低到 0.5 L/min 时，碳球也与纳米片一起产生。然而，在石墨剥离的情况下，无论载气流量如何变化，仅观察到碳纳米片。为机制研究分别测量和估计了生成的化学物质和等离子体气体温度。