The nervous system is a crucial component of the body and damages to this system, either by injury or disease, can result in serious or potentially lethal consequences. An important problem in neural engineering is how we can stimulate the regeneration of damaged nervous tissue given its complex physiology and limited regenerative capacity. To regenerate damaged nervous tissue, this study electrospun three-dimensional nanoscaffolds (3DNSs) from a biomaterial blend of silk fibroin (SF), polyethylene glycol (PEG), and polyvinyl alcohol (PVA). The 3DNSs were characterised to ascertain their potential suitability for direct implant into the CNS. The biological activity of 3DNSs was investigated in vitro using PC12 cells and their effects on reactive astrogliosis were assessed in vivo using a photothrombotic model of ischaemic stroke in mice. Results showed that the concentration of SF directly affected the mechanical characteristics and internal structure of the 3DNSs, with formulations presenting as either a gel-like structure (SF ≥ 50%) or a nanofibrous structure (SF ≤ 40%). In vitro assessment revealed increased cell viability in the presence of the 3DNSs and in vivo assessment resulted in a significant decrease in glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) expression in the peri-infarct region (p < 0.001 for F2 and p < 0.05 for F4) after stroke, suggesting that 3DNSs could be suppressing reactive astrogliosis. The findings enhanced our understanding of physiochemical interactions between SF, PEG, and PVA, and elucidated the potential of 3DNSs as a potential therapeutic approach to stroke recovery, especially if these are used in conjunction with drug or cell treatment.

神经系统是身体的重要组成部分，无论是受伤还是疾病，对该系统的损害都可能导致严重或潜在的致命后果。神经工程中的一个重要问题是，鉴于其复杂的生理学和有限的再生能力，我们如何刺激受损神经组织的再生。为了再生受损的神经组织，本研究从丝素蛋白 (SF)、聚乙二醇 (PEG) 和聚乙烯醇 (PVA) 的生物材料混合物中静电纺丝三维纳米支架 (3DNS)。对 3DNS 进行表征以确定它们直接植入 CNS 的潜在适用性。使用 PC12 细胞在体外研究了 3DNS 的生物活性，并使用小鼠缺血性中风的光血栓形成模型在体内评估了它们对反应性星形胶质细胞增生的影响。结果表明，SF 的浓度直接影响 3DNS 的机械特性和内部结构，配方表现为凝胶状结构（SF ≥ 50%）或纳米纤维结构（SF ≤ 40%）。体外评估显示存在 3DNS 时细胞活力增加，体内评估导致梗死周围区域胶质纤维酸性蛋白 (GFAP) 表达显着降低（F2 p < 0.001，F4 p < 0.05）中风后，表明 3DNS 可能抑制反应性星形胶质细胞增生。这些发现增强了我们对 SF、PEG 和 PVA 之间的理化相互作用的理解，并阐明了 3DNS 作为中风恢复的潜在治疗方法的潜力，尤其是当它们与药物或细胞治疗结合使用时。