Central air-conditioning (CAC) is a flexible load which can be dispatched during an emergency demand response (EDR) program. However, consumers’ trade-off between thermal comfort levels (TCLs) and profits will affect the potential of CAC. Therefore, this paper proposes a method to evaluate CAC’S response levels. An EDR optimization model simulating consumers’ trade-off between TCLs and profits is established and it is solved by a particle swarm optimization (PSO) algorithm. Then the definition of EDR levels is presented to quantitatively analyze the capability of CAC providing the EDR. Furthermore, uncertainty of EDR levels caused by stochastic initial indoor temperature is analyzed through a Monte Carlo (MC) simulation. A case study shows the rationality of the presented method, and the effects of weight coefficients, compensation prices and penalty prices on EDR levels are also analyzed.

中文翻译：

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中央空调应急需求响应水平分析

中央空调 (CAC) 是一种灵活负载，可在紧急需求响应 (EDR) 计划期间进行调度。然而，消费者在热舒适度 (TCL) 和利润之间的权衡将影响 CAC 的潜力。因此，本文提出了一种评估CAC反应水平的方法。建立了模拟消费者在TCLs和利润之间权衡的EDR优化模型，并通过粒子群优化（PSO）算法进行求解。然后提出EDR级别的定义，以定量分析CAC提供EDR的能力。此外，通过蒙特卡罗 (MC) 模拟分析了由随机初始室内温度引起的 EDR 水平的不确定性。一个案例研究表明了所提出方法的合理性，以及权重系数的影响，