Epidermal stem cells (SCs) residing in the skin play an essential role for epidermal regeneration during cutaneous wound healing. Upon injury, distinct epidermal SCs residing in the interfollicular epidermis and/or hair follicles are activated to proliferate. Subsequently, SCs and progeny migrate, differentiate and restore the epidermis. We review a role of the vitamin D signaling through its receptor of vitamin D receptor (Vdr) in these processes. Vdr conditional knockout (cKO) mouse skin experiences a delay in wound re-epithelialization under low dietary calcium conditions, stimulating our efforts to examine a cooperative role of Vdr with calcium signaling through the calcium sensing receptor in the epidermis. We review the role of vitamin D and calcium signaling in different processes essential for injury induced epidermal regeneration during cutaneous wound repair. First, we discuss their roles in self-renewal of epidermal SCs through β-catenin signaling. Then, we describe epidermal remodeling, in which SCs and progeny migrate and differentiate to restore the epidermis, events controlled by the E-cadherin mediated adherens junction signaling. Finally, we discuss the potential mechanisms for vitamin D and calcium signaling to regulate injury induced epidermal regeneration mutually and interdependently.

中文翻译：

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表皮干细胞中的维生素D和钙信号传导及其再生。

皮肤中的表皮干细胞（SCs）在皮肤伤口愈合过程中对表皮再生起着至关重要的作用。受伤后，驻留在小泡间表皮和/或毛囊中的不同表皮SC被激活并增殖。随后，SC和后代迁移，分化并恢复表皮。我们审查了维生素D信号通过其在这些过程中的维生素D受体（Vdr）的受体的作用。Vdr条件性基因敲除（cKO）小鼠皮肤在低饮食钙条件下的伤口上皮再生延迟，刺激了我们努力研究Vdr的协同作用通过表皮中的钙敏感受体传递钙信号。我们审查了维生素D和钙信号传导在皮肤伤口修复过程中损伤诱导表皮再生所必需的不同过程中的作用。首先，我们通过β-catenin信号传导讨论它们在表皮SC自我更新中的作用。然后，我们描述了表皮重塑，其中SC和子代迁移并分化以恢复表皮，这是由E-钙粘蛋白介导的粘附连接信号传导控制的事件。最后，我们讨论了维生素D和钙信号传导相互和相互依赖地调节损伤诱导的表皮再生的潜在机制。