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Closing the Mediterranean Marine Floating Plastic Mass Budget: Inverse Modeling of Sources and Sinks.
Environmental Science & Technology ( IF 10.8 ) Pub Date : 2020-08-27 , DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.0c01984
Mikael L A Kaandorp 1 , Henk A Dijkstra 1 , Erik van Sebille 1
Affiliation  

Estimates of plastic inputs into the ocean are orders of magnitude larger than what is found in the surface waters. This can be due to discrepancies in the sources of plastic released into the ocean but can also be explained by the fact that it is not well-known what the most dominant sinks of marine plastics are and on what time scales these operate. To get a better understanding on possible sources and sinks, an inverse modeling methodology is presented here for a Lagrangian ocean model, estimating floating plastic quantities in the Mediterranean Sea. Field measurements of plastic concentrations in the Mediterranean are used to inform parametrizations defining various sources of marine plastics and removal of plastic particles because of beaching and sinking. The parameters of the model are found using inverse modeling, by comparison of model results and measurements of floating plastic concentrations. Time scales for the sinks are found, and likely sources of plastics can be ranked in importance. A new mass balance is made for floating plastics in the Mediterranean: for 2015, there is an estimated input of 2100–3400 tonnes, and of plastics released since 2006, about 170–420 tonnes remain afloat in the surface waters, 49–63% ended up on coastlines, and 37–51% have sunk down.

中文翻译:

关闭地中海海洋浮动塑料整体预算:源和汇的逆向建模。

估计海洋中的塑料投入量比地表水量大几个数量级。这可能是由于释放到海洋中的塑料来源不同造成的,但也可以通过以下事实来解释:众所周知,海洋塑料中最主要的汇是什么,以及这些汇在什么时间尺度上起作用。为了更好地了解可能的源和汇,在此提出了一种拉格朗日海洋模型的逆建模方法,用于估计地中海中的漂浮塑料量。地中海地区塑料浓度的现场测量被用于为参数化提供依据,这些参数化定义了海洋塑料的各种来源以及由于搁浅和下沉而去除了塑料颗粒。使用逆建模可以找到模型的参数,通过比较模型结果和测量浮动塑料浓度。找到了水槽的时间刻度,可以将可能的塑料来源列为重要。地中海的浮动塑料达到了新的质量平衡:2015年估计有2100–3400吨的投入,自2006年以来释放的塑料中,约170–420吨仍漂浮在地表水中,占49–63%最终在海岸线上沉没,其中37–51%的船只沉没了。
更新日期:2020-10-06
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