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Colloidal Quantum Dot Photovoltaics: Current Progress and Path to Gigawatt Scale Enabled by Smart Manufacturing
ACS Energy Letters ( IF 19.3 ) Pub Date : 2020-08-26 , DOI: 10.1021/acsenergylett.0c01453 Ahmad R. Kirmani 1 , Joseph M. Luther 1 , Milad Abolhasani 2 , Aram Amassian 3
ACS Energy Letters ( IF 19.3 ) Pub Date : 2020-08-26 , DOI: 10.1021/acsenergylett.0c01453 Ahmad R. Kirmani 1 , Joseph M. Luther 1 , Milad Abolhasani 2 , Aram Amassian 3
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Colloidal quantum dots (QDs) have lately been pursued with intense vigor for optoelectronic applications such as photovoltaics (PV), flexible electronics, displays, mid-infrared photodetectors, lasers, and single-photon emitters. These nanometer-sized semiconducting crystals can be suitably mass-produced and size-tuned via cost-effective solution-based synthetic routes to operate in the quantum size confinement regime, endowing them with a wide array of exotic optical and electronic properties. While the first potential market entry could be in displays and in niche applications such as “internet-of-things”, ultimately, the technology has the potential to influence large-scale terrestrial power generation, because it is amenable to high-throughput synthesis from Earth-abundant materials and large-area solution-based coating techniques and can be air-stable. In this Review, we chronicle the recent advances that have propelled QD PV toward commercialization and highlight potential areas for further progress. We present an account of the material compositions being explored as QDs and their various benefits, major chemical passivation and doping strategies that have been developed to allay QD surface traps, and advanced device designs deployed to maximize charge extraction. We also discuss pathways to >20% efficient QD PV and describe recent advances in high-precision and autonomous synthesis of such materials. With recent demonstrations of scalable synthesis of high-quality QDs, smart manufacturing of QDs and QD solids, and fabrication of stable solar cells under ambient conditions, we suggest that the technology is on the road to achieving maturity and technological relevance and that gigawatt per year distributed panel production sites may be within reach.
中文翻译：
胶体量子点光伏：智能制造实现的千兆瓦规模的最新进展和途径
胶体量子点（QD）近年来在光电应用中获得了极大的发展，例如光伏（PV），柔性电子，显示器，中红外光电探测器，激光器和单光子发射器。这些纳米尺寸的半导体晶体可以通过具有成本效益的基于溶液的合成路线进行适当的大规模生产和尺寸调整，以在量子尺寸限制范围内运行，从而赋予其广泛的奇特光学和电子特性。虽然第一个潜在的市场准入可能是在显示器和诸如“物联网”之类的利基应用中，但最终，该技术具有影响大规模地面发电的潜力，因为它适用于由地球上丰富的材料和基于大面积溶液的涂层技术进行的高通量合成，并且具有空气稳定性。在这篇评论中，我们将推动QD PV走向商业化的最新进展进行编年史，并重点介绍进一步发展的潜在领域。我们介绍了作为QD探索的材料成分及其各种益处，已开发出的用于缓解QD表面陷阱的主要化学钝化和掺杂策略，以及为最大程度地提取电荷而部署的先进器件设计。我们还讨论了> 20％高效QD PV的途径，并描述了此类材料的高精度和自主合成的最新进展。借助最近展示的高质量QD的可扩展合成，QD和QD实体的智能制造，
更新日期：2020-09-11
中文翻译：
胶体量子点光伏：智能制造实现的千兆瓦规模的最新进展和途径
胶体量子点（QD）近年来在光电应用中获得了极大的发展，例如光伏（PV），柔性电子，显示器，中红外光电探测器，激光器和单光子发射器。这些纳米尺寸的半导体晶体可以通过具有成本效益的基于溶液的合成路线进行适当的大规模生产和尺寸调整，以在量子尺寸限制范围内运行，从而赋予其广泛的奇特光学和电子特性。虽然第一个潜在的市场准入可能是在显示器和诸如“物联网”之类的利基应用中，但最终，该技术具有影响大规模地面发电的潜力，因为它适用于由地球上丰富的材料和基于大面积溶液的涂层技术进行的高通量合成，并且具有空气稳定性。在这篇评论中，我们将推动QD PV走向商业化的最新进展进行编年史，并重点介绍进一步发展的潜在领域。我们介绍了作为QD探索的材料成分及其各种益处，已开发出的用于缓解QD表面陷阱的主要化学钝化和掺杂策略，以及为最大程度地提取电荷而部署的先进器件设计。我们还讨论了> 20％高效QD PV的途径，并描述了此类材料的高精度和自主合成的最新进展。借助最近展示的高质量QD的可扩展合成，QD和QD实体的智能制造，
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