Abstract

Diarrheal illnesses claim the lives of hundreds of thousands of children each year, most of whom live in rural and low-income communities. Ceramic Water Filters (CWF) are widely regarded as one water treatment technology with the potential to increase access to safe drinking water. While physical filtration mechanisms are a key contributor to improving the water safety, silver is commonly added to improve disinfection performance. Therefore, a thorough review of silver disinfection efficacy and disinfection mechanisms in relation to CWFs are critically important. This paper reviews filter mechanisms and efficacy for bacteria removal for cases with and without silver addition. Method of silver application (dipping, painting, or co-firing) is assessed. Silver release and retention is discussed. The findings from this paper illustrate that eluted silver contributes to filter bacterial disinfection. However, more research is needed on the impact of silver on preventing a “slime layer” on the filter surface and receptacle. Silver application method, water quality and particle characteristics were demonstrated to impact release. For instance, co-firing results in the most consistent elution over time but at lower concentrations than other methods. Finally, research into alternative metals to silver for enhanced disinfection present emerging opportunities within the CWF field.

摘要

腹泻病每年夺去数十万儿童的生命，其中大多数生活在农村和低收入社区。陶瓷水过滤器 (CWF) 被广泛认为是一种水处理技术，有可能增加获得安全饮用水的机会。虽然物理过滤机制是提高水安全的关键因素，但通常添加银以提高消毒性能。因此，彻底审查与 CWF 相关的银消毒功效和消毒机制至关重要。本文回顾了添加和不添加银的情况下的过滤机制和除菌效果。评估银应用的方法（浸渍、涂漆或共烧）。讨论了银的释放和保留。这篇论文的研究结果表明，洗脱的银有助于过滤细菌消毒。然而，需要更多研究银对防止过滤器表面和容器上出现“粘液层”的影响。银应用方法、水质和颗粒特性被证明会影响释放。例如，共烧导致随着时间的推移最一致的洗脱，但浓度低于其他方法。最后，研究银的替代金属以增强消毒能力为 CWF 领域提供了新的机遇。已证明水质和颗粒特性会影响释放。例如，共烧导致随着时间的推移最一致的洗脱，但浓度低于其他方法。最后，研究银的替代金属以增强消毒能力为 CWF 领域提供了新的机遇。已证明水质和颗粒特性会影响释放。例如，共烧导致随着时间的推移最一致的洗脱，但浓度低于其他方法。最后，研究银的替代金属以增强消毒能力为 CWF 领域提供了新的机遇。