ABSTRACT: Diversity and composition of benthic diatom algae and ciliates were studied at several beaches along the White and Barents seas: from highly exposed, reflective beaches with coarse-grained sands to sheltered, dissipative silty-sandy flats. For diatoms, the epipelic to epipsammic species abundance ratio was significantly correlated with the beach index and mean particle size, while neither α-diversity measures nor mean cell length were related to beach properties. In contrast, most of the characteristics of ciliate assemblages (diversity, total abundance and biomass, mean individual weight and percentage of karyorelictids) demonstrated a strong correlation to beach properties, remaining low at exposed beaches but increasing sharply in more sheltered conditions. β-diversity did not correlate with beach properties for either diatoms or ciliates. We suggest that wave action and sediment properties are the main drivers controlling the diversity and composition of the intertidal microbenthos. Diatoms and ciliates, however, demonstrated divergent response to these factors. Epipelic and epipsammic diatoms exhibited 2 different strategies to adapt to their environments and therefore were complementarily distributed along the environmental gradient and compensated for each other in diversity. Most ciliates demonstrated a similar mode of habitat selection but differed in their degree of tolerance. Euryporal (including mesoporal) species were relatively tolerant to wave action and therefore occurred under a wide range of beach conditions, though their abundance and diversity were highest in fine, relatively stable sediments on sheltered beaches, whereas the specific interstitial (i.e. genuine microporal) species were mostly restricted to only these habitats.

中文翻译：

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不同形态动力学的亚潮间潮滩微底栖动物的多样性和组成模式

摘要：在怀特和巴伦支海沿岸的几个海滩上研究了底栖硅藻藻类和纤毛虫的多样性和组成：从高暴露度，反光的海滩和粗糙的沙子到有遮盖的耗散粉质沙质滩涂。对于硅藻来说，表观物种与流行病物种的丰度比与海滩指数和平均粒径显着相关，而α多样性测度和平均细胞长度均与海滩性质无关。相反，纤毛虫组合的大多数特征（多样性，总丰度和生物量，平均个体重量和核糖体的百分比）表现出与海滩特性的强相关性，在裸露的海滩上保持较低的水平，但在更庇护的条件下急剧增加。β多样性与硅藻或纤毛虫的海滩特性均不相关。我们认为，波浪作用和沉积物特性是控制潮间带微底栖动物多样性和组成的主要驱动力。然而，硅藻和纤毛对这些因素表现出不同的反应。顽固性硅藻和癫痫硅藻表现出两种不同的策略来适应其环境，因此它们沿环境梯度互补分布，并且在多样性上相互补偿。多数纤毛虫显示出相似的栖息地选择模式，但耐受程度不同。Euryporal（包括中足）物种相对能容忍波浪作用，因此发生在广泛的海滩条件下，尽管它们的丰度和多样性最高，