Myeloid cells represent the major cellular component of innate immune responses. Myeloid cells include monocytes and macrophages, granulocytes (neutrophils, basophils and eosinophils) and dendritic cells (DC). The role of myeloid cells has been broadly described both in physiological and in pathological conditions. All tissues or organs are equipped with resident myeloid cells, such as parenchymal microglia in the brain, which contribute to maintaining homeostasis. Moreover, in case of infection or tissue damage, other myeloid cells such as monocytes or granulocytes (especially neutrophils) can be recruited from the circulation, at first to promote inflammation and later to participate in repair and regeneration. This review aims to address the regulatory roles of myeloid cells in inflammatory diseases of the central nervous system (CNS), with a particular focus on recent work showing induction of suppressive function via stimulation of innate signalling in multiple sclerosis (MS) and its animal model experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE).

中文翻译：

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髓样细胞在神经炎症中的保护作用。

髓样细胞代表先天免疫反应的主要细胞成分。骨髓细胞包括单核细胞和巨噬细胞，粒细胞（嗜中性粒细胞，嗜碱性粒细胞和嗜酸性粒细胞）和树突状细胞（DC）。在生理和病理条件下都广泛描述了髓样细胞的作用。所有组织或器官均配备有常驻髓样细胞，例如脑中的实质小胶质细胞，有助于维持体内稳态。此外，在感染或组织损伤的情况下，可以从循环中募集其他髓样细胞，例如单核细胞或粒细胞（特别是嗜中性粒细胞），首先促进炎症，然后参与修复和再生。这篇综述旨在探讨骨髓细胞在中枢神经系统（CNS）炎症性疾病中的调节作用，