1. Freshwater species with complex life cycles face a trade‐off between the risks of offspring mortality due to desiccation in temporary habitats and due to predators common in long‐duration habitats, especially fish. In real‐world conditions, intermediate‐gradient areas that are highly suitable for some ecological specialists are often limited. I examined the relative significance of drivers of the permanence–predation gradient in habitat selection by pond‐breeding anurans.
2. Anuran oviposition was investigated at the community level in fish pond landscapes with only three types of habitat, permanent fish‐containing ponds and highly desiccation‐prone pools, either fishless or recently emptied of fish and with fish odour (fish cue). Altogether, 65 ponds/pools, interspersed in four clusters, were examined for the presence of egg masses.
3. Bufo bufo was the only species preferring permanent ponds. Egg masses of Rana sp. (Rana arvalis/Rana temporaria) occurred in all fishless pools, and less frequently in the ponds. Bufotes viridis and long larval period species Pelobates fuscus and Hyla orientalis oviposited almost exclusively in fishless pools. Fish‐cue pools were avoided by all species. Anuran richness was higher in fishless pools than in permanent ponds. Species distribution between the two habitats was nested, with both common and rare species occurring in fishless pools.
4. The results indicate the primacy of offspring predation risk over hydroperiod constraints in oviposition decision‐making by fish‐intolerant anurans. The absence of some species from ponds and pools with fish or fish cues shows that non‐consumptive interactions may better explain the scarcity of anuran larvae in waters dominated by fish than actual consumption. The strict avoidance of fish habitats despite their proximity to fishless patches indicates fine‐scale assessment of predation risk. However, rigid habitat selection against fish predation on offspring may prove maladaptive if habitats with high desiccation risk are the main alternative and are indiscriminately preferred. Maintenance of fishless wetlands with a hydroperiod sufficient to allow completion of metamorphosis should be a conservation priority for anuran diversity in areas where fishless habitats are limited.

中文翻译：

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脱水比食用鱼类更好：在对后代有不同风险的栖息地中分布金刚菌

1. 生命周期复杂的淡水物种在临时生境的干燥和长期生存的生境中普遍存在的食肉动物（尤其是鱼类）之间面临着后代死亡风险之间的权衡。在现实世界中，非常适合某些生态专家的中等梯度地区经常受到限制。我研究了池塘繁殖无脊椎动物在栖息地选择中永久捕食梯度驱动因素的相对重要性。
2. 在社区一级对只有三类生境的永久性含鱼塘和易于干燥的高度集水池（无鱼或最近排空的鱼且有鱼味（鱼线索））进行了鱼塘景观的无性产卵调查。总共检查了65个池塘/池，它们散布在四个簇中，以检查是否存在卵团。
3. 蟾蜍是唯一喜欢永久池塘的物种。Rana sp。的卵块。（Rana arvalis / Rana temporaria）发生在所有无鱼池中，池塘中的发生频率降低。蟾蜍和幼虫期长的种Pelobates fuscus和Hyla Orientalis几乎只在无鱼池中产卵。所有物种均避免使用鱼池。无鱼塘中的Anuran丰富度高于永久性池塘。两个生境之间的物种分布是嵌套的，常见和稀有物种都出现在无鱼塘中。
4. 结果表明，在鱼类不耐性无脊椎动物的产卵决策中，后代捕食风险优先于水周期限制。池塘和池塘中没有鱼类或鱼线索的某些物种的缺乏表明，非食用相互作用可能比实际食用更好地解释了在以鱼类为主的水域中金刚鹦鹉幼虫的稀缺性。尽管鱼类栖息地靠近无鱼斑块，但仍要严格避免，这表明对捕食风险进行了精细评估。但是，如果具有高脱水风险的栖息地是主要的选择，并且是不加选择的优先选择，那么针对后代鱼类捕食进行严格的栖息地选择可能会导致适应不良。