Rapid adaptive evolution to drought in a subset of plant traits in a large-scale climate change experiment.,Ecology Letters

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Rapid adaptive evolution to drought in a subset of plant traits in a large-scale climate change experiment.
Ecology Letters ( IF 7.6 ) Pub Date : 2020-08-27 , DOI: 10.1111/ele.13596
Johannes Metz _{1,

2} , Christian Lampei ₃ , Laura Bäumler ₂ , Hervé Bocherens ₄ , Hannes Dittberner ₅ , Lorenz Henneberg ₂ , Juliette de Meaux ₅ , Katja Tielbörger ₂

Affiliation

Rapid evolution of traits and of plasticity may enable adaptation to climate change, yet solid experimental evidence under natural conditions is scarce. Here, we imposed rainfall manipulations (+30%, control, −30%) for 10 years on entire natural plant communities in two Eastern Mediterranean sites. Additional sites along a natural rainfall gradient and selection analyses in a greenhouse assessed whether potential responses were adaptive. In both sites, our annual target species Biscutella didyma consistently evolved earlier phenology and higher reproductive allocation under drought. Multiple arguments suggest that this response was adaptive: it aligned with theory, corresponding trait shifts along the natural rainfall gradient, and selection analyses under differential watering in the greenhouse. However, another seven candidate traits did not evolve, and there was little support for evolution of plasticity. Our results provide compelling evidence for rapid adaptive evolution under climate change. Yet, several non‐evolving traits may indicate potential constraints to full adaptation.

中文翻译：

大规模气候变化实验中植物性状子集对干旱的快速适应性进化。

性状和可塑性的快速进化可能有助于适应气候变化，但自然条件下的可靠实验证据却很少。在这里，我们对两个东地中海地点的整个天然植物群落实施了为期 10 年的降雨控制（+30%，控制，-30%）。沿着自然降雨梯度的其他地点和温室中的选择分析评估了潜在的反应是否具有适应性。在这两个地点，我们的年度目标物种Biscutella didyma在干旱条件下不断进化出更早的物候和更高的生殖分配。多个论据表明这种反应是适应性的：它与理论一致，相应的性状沿自然降雨梯度变化，以及温室差异浇水下的选择分析。然而，另外七个候选特征没有进化，并且几乎没有支持可塑性进化。我们的结果为气候变化下的快速适应性进化提供了令人信服的证据。然而，一些非进化特征可能表明完全适应的潜在限制。

更新日期：2020-10-19

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